@ARTICLE{Pulka_Jakub_Is_2016,
 author={Pulka, Jakub and Wiśniewski, Dariusz and Gołaszewski, Janusz and Białowiec, Andrzej},
 volume={vol. 42},
 number={No 4},
 journal={Archives of Environmental Protection},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2016},
 publisher={Polish Academy of Sciences},
 abstract={The influence of sewage sludge torrefaction temperature on fuel properties was investigated. Non-lignocellulosic waste thermal treatment experiment was conducted within 1 h residence time, under the following temperatures: 200, 220, 240, 260, 280 and 300°C. Sawdust was used as lignocellulosic reference material. The following parameters of biochar have been measured: moisture, higher heating value, ash content, volatile compounds and sulfur content. Sawdust biochar has been confirmed to be a good quality solid fuel. High ash and sulfur content may be an obstacle for biochar energy reuse. The best temperature profile for sawdust torrefaction and fuel production for 1 h residence time was 220°C. At this temperature the product contained 84% of initial energy while decreased the mass by 25%. The best temperature profile for sewage sludge was 240°C. The energy residue was 91% and the mass residue was 85%. Higher temperatures in both cases caused excessive mass and energy losses.},
 type={Artykuły / Articles},
 title={Is the biochar produced from sewage sludge a good quality solid fuel?},
 URL={http://journals.pan.pl/Content/102422/PDF/aep-2016-0043.pdf},
 doi={10.1515/aep-2016-0043},
 keywords={torrefaction, sewage sludge, Biochar, calorific value, solid fuel, ash},
}