@ARTICLE{Kwiek_Marek_Privatization_2017,
 author={Kwiek, Marek},
 number={No 1},
 journal={Nauka},
 pages={39-67},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2017},
 publisher={Biuro Upowszechniania i Promocji Nauki PAN},
 abstract={The paper analyzes the changing public-private dynamics in higher education in Poland in 1990-2016 and beyond, focusing on the processes of internal and external de-privatization of the system. De-privatization of higher education – viewed also as its republicization – is caused by declining demographics and may lead to the demise of the largely demand-absorbing private higher education. Poland is shown as moving against the two powerful global trends related to privatization: private sector growth and increasing reliance on cost-sharing. Data related to funding and provision in 1990-2005 (expansion) and 2006 and beyond (contraction) are analyzed in detail, and policy implications of ongoing and expected changes are discussed.},
 type={Artykuły / Articles},
 title={Privatization and de-privatization: from expansion (1990–2005) to contraction (2006–2025) of the Polish higher education system},
 URL={http://journals.pan.pl/Content/110466/PDF/N117-03-Kwiek.pdf},
 keywords={privatization, de-privatization, Poland, universities, demographic pressures, private sector, public/private dynamics, universal higher education, postcommunist transformations},
}