@ARTICLE{Shaik_E.H._Realization_2018,
 author={Shaik, E.H. and Rangaswamy, N.},
 volume={vol. 26},
 number={No 1},
 journal={Opto-Electronics Review},
 pages={63-72},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2018},
 publisher={Polish Academy of Sciences (under the auspices of the Committee on Electronics and Telecommunication) and Association of Polish Electrical Engineers in cooperation with Military University of Technology},
 abstract={In this article, we propose the realization of XNOR logic function by using all-optical XOR and NOT logic gates. Initially, both XOR and NOT gates are designed, simulated and optimized for high contrast outputs. T-shaped waveguides are created on the photonic crystal platform to realize these logic gates. An extra input is used to perform the inversion operation in the NOT gate. Inputs in both the gates are applied with out of phase so as to have a destructive interference between them and produce negligible intensity for logic ‘0'. The XOR and NOT gates are simulated using Finite Difference Time Domain method which results with a high contrast ratio of 55.23 dB and 54.83 dB, respectively at a response time of 0.136 ps and 0.1256 ps. Later, both the gates are cascaded by superimposing the output branch of the waveguide of XOR gate with the input branch of the waveguide of NOT gate so that it can be resulted with compact size for XNOR logic function. The resultant structure of XNOR logic came out with the contrast ratio of 12.27 dB at a response time of 0.1588 ps. Finally, it can be concluded that the proposed structures with fair output performance can suitably be applied in the design of photonic integrated circuits for high speed computing and telecommunication systems.},
 type={Article},
 title={Realization of XNOR logic function with all-optical high contrast XOR and NOT gates},
 URL={http://journals.pan.pl/Content/115294/PDF/main.pdf},
 keywords={High contrast outputs, T-shaped waveguide, Realization, Cascade},
}