@ARTICLE{Kowalczyk_M._Photo-reception_2017,
 author={Kowalczyk, M. and Siuzdak, J.},
 volume={vol. 25},
 number={No 3},
 journal={Opto-Electronics Review},
 pages={222-228},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2017},
 publisher={Polish Academy of Sciences (under the auspices of the Committee on Electronics and Telecommunication) and Association of Polish Electrical Engineers in cooperation with Military University of Technology},
 abstract={The article proves that common LEDs may act as photodetectors with limited sensitivity, if they are polarized with an appropriate reverse voltage. The measured responsivities are ranged between 0.002 and 0.156 A/W and they depend on the LED type. The only one exception are white (phosphorescent) LEDs which do not exhibit any photosensitivity. There have also shown that a bandwidth of LEDs, which were examined in a role of photodetectors, is of a few tens of MHz, which is an order of magnitude greater than their modulation bandwidth as transmitters. The reasons of the observed LEDs behaviour are explained theoretically. The obtained results are indicated that some of them may be used as both transmitters and receivers in the VLC links working in a bi-directional half-duplex mode.},
 type={Article},
 title={Photo-reception properties of common LEDs},
 URL={http://journals.pan.pl/Content/115371/PDF/main.pdf},
 keywords={LEDs as photo-detectors, Visible light communication (VLC), Bi-directional transmission},
}