@ARTICLE{Kawecki_Bartosz_3D, author={Kawecki, Bartosz and Podgórski, Jerzy}, volume={Vol. 66}, number={No 3}, journal={Archives of Civil Engineering}, pages={323-337}, howpublished={online}, publisher={WARSAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING and COMMITTEE FOR CIVIL ENGINEERING POLISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES}, abstract={The article presents research on modelling fracture in softwood bent elements. This kind of timber is the one most exploited for construction. Authors present a brief review on the subject with emphasis on three basic attempts: Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics (LEFM), Continuum Damage Mechanics (CDM) and Hill’s Function (HF). Proposed 3D solution bases on Hill’s Function applied in the ABAQUS FEM code. The new idea includes isolating theoretical compression and tension zones in a model. Then, it is possible to distinguish between compressive and tensile strength and predict a real behaviour of bent elements. Introducing general dependencies between material properties leads to the need of determining only longitudinal elastic modulus (EL) and modulus of rupture (MOR). It is practical because these parameters are the main reported in a scientific and technical literature. Authors describe all of the assumptions in details. The experimental tests and Digital Image Correlation method (DIC) validate the FEM model.}, type={Article}, title={3D Abaqus Simulation of Bent Softwood Elements}, URL={http://journals.pan.pl/Content/117467/PDF/18.ACE0008%20do%20druku_B5.pdf}, doi={10.24425/ace.2020.134400}, keywords={FEM, Wood Modelling, Softwood, Fracture, destruction}, }