@ARTICLE{Mazur_Zachary_How_2020, author={Mazur, Zachary}, volume={tom 50}, pages={237-256}, journal={Historyka Studia Metodologiczne}, howpublished={online}, year={2020}, publisher={Polska Akademia Nauk Oddział PAN w Krakowie}, publisher={Instytut Historii Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego}, abstract={This article is an attempt to represent the aspirations of the Polish aristocracy during the First World War by imagining the dreams of Maria Lubomirska – wife of Prince Zdzisław Lubomirski, arguably the most important Polish politician in Warsaw at the time. Lubomirska and her circle attended séances led by a popular medium, and they saw what they wanted to see, just as they perceived the changing political tides in the same way. Though aristocrats were in some sense already anachronistic at this time, they still wished to maintain their superior social and political position into the future. Lubomirska in particular envisioned an independent Poland led by a king. The idea of Poland becoming a monarchy may seem absurd in hindsight, but as the article shows, if we return to this moment in history without teleological presumptions it was a likely outcome until the last days of the war. Text in italics comes directly from Lubomirska’s diary.}, type={Article}, title={How to Kill Ghosts: Polish Aristocrats during the First World War}, URL={http://journals.pan.pl/Content/117834/PDF/2020-01-HISTORYKA-12-Mazur.pdf}, doi={10.24425/hsm.2020.134805}, keywords={historiography, World War I, monarchism, narrative history}, }