@ARTICLE{Sobolieva_Tetiana_Intellectual_2020,
 author={Sobolieva, Tetiana and Harashchenko, Nataliia},
 volume={vol. 23},
 number={No 4},
 journal={Polityka Energetyczna - Energy Policy Journal},
 pages={17-32},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2020},
 publisher={Instytut Gospodarki Surowcami Mineralnymi i Energią PAN},
 abstract={Renewable energy development is crucial for resolving global warming issues and achieving sustainable development goals. The objective of this paper is to reveal renewable energy trends using statistical data to identify the most developed technologies in the field, their distribution by territory, checking the interrelation between investments in R&D and patent activity. The changes in total investments made in renewables are studied for 2004–2019 and the increasing trend has been observed with some fluctuations in certain years, major current investments in solar and wind energy are detected. The dynamics of international patenting activity in solar and wind technologies, geothermal and fuel cells, the total number of PCT applications over the past 10 years by geographic region are considered. The results show some differences across various renewable technologies. Solar is the most patented, wind and fuel cells are less patented but solar and wind have shown an uptrend for the last five years, while fuel cell technologies showed a decline after 2008. Geothermal is the least patented. The comparison between investment and patent application trends in renewables undercovers some important issues – the leading role of Japan in patenting under the PCT procedure, while China is a major investor in renewable energy; the US and Europe with big investments in renewables are also leading in patent registration. Correlation between investment in R&D and patenting activity in the field of global renewable energy should be emphasized (correlation coefficient R = 0,849 for 2002–2019). Since private and public investment is strongly stimulated by domestic renewable energy policies, IP indicators can help identify policy instruments and their effectiveness within the further research framework.},
 type={Article},
 title={Intellectual property indicators and renewable energy trends},
 URL={http://journals.pan.pl/Content/119080/PDF/02-04-Sobolieva-i-inna.pdf},
 keywords={intellectual property, renewable energy, patent, PCT},
}