@ARTICLE{Klimek_Beata_The_2013,
 author={Klimek, Beata and Fiałkowska, Edyta and Fyda, Janusz and Kocerba-Soroka, Wioleta and Pajdak-Stós, Agnieszka and Sobczyk, Łukasz},
 volume={vol. 39},
 number={No 3},
 journal={Archives of Environmental Protection},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2013},
 publisher={Polish Academy of Sciences},
 abstract={The aim of this study was to assess the effects of two flocculants that are often used to overcome activated sludge bulking problems - aluminium chloride, AlCl3, and aluminium sulphate, Al2(SO4)3 - on Lecaneinermis (Rotifera, Monogononta) at three different temperatures: 8, 15 and 20°C. The mean EC50 value (effective concentration, mg dm-3) calculated for the 24 h mortality test was 0.012 mg Al3+dm-3. Next, the effects of low concentrations of the Al-salts on the population development from single individuals (parthenogenetic females) were tested in a 21-day experiment. At concentrations as low as EC4.8 and EC0.48, both Al-salts affected rotifer population negatively. However, temperature was the most pronounced factor that modified the toxicity of the Al-salts to the rotifers. On the 12th day of the experiment, there were significant interactions between temperature and the Al-salts, indicating that the chemicals were more toxic to the rotifers at 20°C than at lower temperatures. The weaker rotifers sensitivity to Al-salts (especially to AlCl3) in temperatures below 15°C, when the biggest problems associated with sludge bulking occurs,may means use both rotifers and chemicals reasonable and effective.},
 type={Artykuły / Articles},
 title={The Toxicity of Aluminium Salts to Lecane Inermis Rotifers: Are Chemical and Biological Methods Used to Overcome Activated Sludge Bulking Mutually Exclusive?},
 URL={http://journals.pan.pl/Content/85862/PDF/10265-Volume39-Issue3-paper_10.pdf},
 doi={10.2478/aep-2013-0024},
 keywords={toxicity of Al-salts, EC50, rotifers, wastewater treatment, combined stressors},
}