@ARTICLE{Kacprzak_Andrzej_Clean_2011,
 author={Kacprzak, Andrzej and Kobyłecki, Rafał and Bis, Zbigniew},
 number={No 3 December},
 journal={Archives of Thermodynamics},
 pages={145-155},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2011},
 publisher={The Committee of Thermodynamics and Combustion of the Polish Academy of Sciences and The Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery Polish Academy of Sciences},
 abstract={The direct carbon fuel cell technology provides excellent conditions for conversion of chemical energy of carbon-containing solid fuels directly into electricity. The technology is very promising since it is relatively simple compared to other fuel cell technologies and accepts all carbon-reach substances as possible fuels. Furthermore, it makes possible to use atmospheric oxygen as the oxidizer. In this paper the results of authors' recent investigations focused on analysis of the performance of a direct carbon fuel cell supplied with graphite, granulated carbonized biomass (biocarbon), and granulated hard coal are presented. The comparison of the voltage-current characteristics indicated that the results obtained for the case when the cell was operated with carbonized biomass and hard coal were much more promising than those obtained for graphite. The effects of fuel type and the surface area of the cathode on operation performance of the fuel cell were also discussed.},
 type={Artykuły / Articles},
 title={Clean energy from a carbon fuel cell},
 URL={http://journals.pan.pl/Content/94251/PDF/10_paper.pdf},
 doi={10.2478/v10173-011-0019-z},
 keywords={fuel cell, Coal, biomass, Carbonization, Torrefaction, Biocarbon},
}