Nauki Techniczne

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

Zawartość

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2021 | vol. 67 | No 4

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Abstrakt

This research is developing the analog value from the NPK sensor to digital using the YL 38 comparator module to obtain detailed Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) values according to the NPK sensor datasheet. This system is a network based on the Internet of Things (IoT) and LoRa. The IoT and LoRa features installed on this device, meanwhile the measurement and fertilization data can be monitored easily through an Android application. This research using a frequency of 922.4 Mhz, 125 kHz bandwidth, 10 spreading factors, and a code rate of 5. The Network Quality of Services testing i.e. delay, packet loss, SNR, and RSSI. The QoS was measured at 6 locations. different, 1 location 0 km, 4 locations 1 km, 1 location 2.5 km from BTS LoRa. It was concluded that the parameters used are by the conditions and distances in the data collection. It is proven that all the standards in each parameter are met. In testing the LoRa network it can be concluded that the farther the distance from the LoRa BTS the data transmission quality is getting worse.
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Bibliografia

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Doan Perdana
1
Wahyu Rizal Panca Kusuma
1
Ibnu Alinursafa
2

  1. Telkom University, Indonesia
  2. PT Telkom Indonesia, Indonesia
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Abstrakt

The paper introduces the distributed framework for determining the shortest path of robots in the logistic applications, i.e. the warehouse with a swarm of robots cooperating in the Real- Time mode. The proposed solution uses the optimization routine to avoid the downtime and collisions between robots. The presented approach uses the reference model based on Dijkstra, Floyd- Warshall and Bellman-Ford algorithms, which search the path in the weighted undirected graph. Their application in the onboard robot’s computer requires the analysis of the time efficiency. Results of comparative simulations for the implemented algorithms are presented. For their evaluation the data sets reflecting actual processes were used. Outcomes of experiments have shown that the tested algorithms are applicable for the logistic purposes, however their ability to operate in the Real-Time requires the detailed analysis.
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Bibliografia

[1] Mobile Robot Platforms, Shuttle Automated Storage and Retrieval Systems, Industrial Robotic Manipulators, and Gantry Robots: Global Market Analysis and Forecasts, Informa PLC, https://www.tractica.com/research/warehousing-and-logistics-robots/
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Tomasz Markowski
1
Piotr Bilski
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Lukasiewicz – Institute of Logistics and Warehousing, Poland
  2. Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
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Abstrakt

This paper presents low-cost, configurable PCI Express (PCIe) direct memory access (DMA) interface for implementation on Intel Cyclone V FPGAs. The DMA engine was designed to support DAQ tasks including pre-triggering acquisition for transient analysis and multichannel transmission. Performance of the interface has been evaluated on Terasic OVSK board (PCIe Gen2 x4). Target configuration of this interface is based on the Avalon-MM Hard IP for Cyclone V PCIe core and Jungo WinDriver x64 for Windows. A sample speed of 1200 MB/s has been reported for DMA writes to PCIe memory.
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Bibliografia

[1] PCI Express Base Specification, rev. 3.0, PCI-SIG, Nov. 2010
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Krzysztof Mroczek
1

  1. Institute of Radioelectronics and Multimedia Technology, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
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Abstrakt

In this article, a hybrid circularly polarized Multiple- Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) antenna for multi-band operation from 2.3 to 9.2 GHz with an impedance bandwidth of 7 GHz is proposed and investigated experimentally. The designed MIMO antenna model has a compact size of 20mm×40mm×1.6mm on the FR-4 substrate. The microstrip feed of the proposed slot antenna consists of a tapered structure, and the radiating element consists of the inverted L- shaped slots, which were opened on both sides of the radiating elements to introduce notches at the sub-6 GHz frequencies. L-shaped stubs are also introduced on another side of the substrate in the common ground plane to attain high isolation between the radiating elements of the proposed antenna. In the operating band from 2.3 to 9.2 GHz, isolation of less than -20 dB is achieved by the proposed model. The performance of the circularly polarized MIMO antenna in terms of RHCP and LHCP radiation patterns, axial ratio, surface current distributions, isolation between the ports, diversity gain (DG), envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), total active reflection coefficient (TARC), and peak gain are studied and presented in this work. The obtained characteristics of the proposed antenna make it suitable for sub-6- GHz frequency applications.
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Bibliografia

[1] Shuai Zhang, and Gert Frolund Pedersen, “Mutual Coupling Reduction for UWB MIMO Antennas with a Wideband Neutralization Line,” IEEE Antenna Wireless Propag. Letters, vol. 15, pp. 166-169, May 2016. https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2015.2435992.
[2] Amjad Iqbal, Omar A. Saraereh, Arbab Waheed Ahmad, Shahid Bashir, “Mutual Coupling Reduction Using F-Shaped Stubs in UWB-MIMO Antenna,” IEEE Access, vol. 6, pp. 2755-2759, Dec 2017. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2017.2785232.
[3] Abdulrahman Shueai, Mohsen Alqadami, Mohd Faizal Jamlos, Ping Jack Soh, Guy A. E. Vandenbosch. “Assessment of PDMS Technology in a MIMO Antenna Array,” IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Volume: 15, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2015.2513960.
[4] Shraman Gupta, Zouhair Briqech, Abdel Razik Sebak, Tayeb Ahmed Denidni, “Mutual-Coupling Reduction Using Metasurface Corrugations for 28 GHz MIMO Applications,” IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters , Volume: 16, Pages: 2763 – 2766, DOP:25 August 2017. https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2017.2745050.
[5] SeaheeHwangbo, Hae Yong Yang, Yong-Kyu Yoon “Mutual Coupling Reduction Using Micromachined Complementary Meander-Line Slots for a Patch Array Antenna,” IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letter, vol. 16, pp. 1667 – 1670, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2017.2663114.
[6] Ullah, Ubaid, Ismail Ben Mabrouk, and Slawomir Koziel. “Enhanced-performance circularly polarized MIMO antenna with polarization/pattern diversity,” IEEE Access Volume:8, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2966052.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

S. Salma
1
Habibulla Khan
1
B.T.P. Madhav
1
D. Ram Sandeep
1
M. Suman
1

  1. Dept. of ECE, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, AP, India
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Abstrakt

RADAR plays a vital role in military applications since its origin in the 2nd world war. Recently it has been used in surface inception, health monitoring, infrastructure health monitoring, etc. In these applications, Ultra-wideband RADAR systems are more popular than traditional RADAR systems. Impulse RADAR is a special kind of ultra-wideband RADAR, which is mostly used for surface penetration, through-wall imaging, antimissile detection, anti-stealth technology, etc. because of its high resolution and low center frequency. Out of all these applications, impulse RADAR has been used intensively as a ground-penetrating RADAR for the detection of land mines, underlying pipelines, buried objects, etc. This report has attempted to provide the steps for designing the impulse ground penetrating RADAR (GPR) as well as provides the value of crucial parameters required in the design process of commercial GPR systems.
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Bibliografia

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[25] A .P.Annan, Ground Penetrating RADAR Principles, Procedures & Applications, 2003.
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[28] M. Yan, M. Tian, L. Gan and X. Chen, “Impulse Ground Penetrating Radar Hardware System Design,” 2006 6th International Conference on ITS Telecommunications, Chengdu, 2006, pp. 1244-1247, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ITST.2006.288852.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Saket Kumar
1
Amit Kumar
2
Vikrant Singh
3
Abhishek Kumar Singh
4

  1. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Muzaffarpur Institute of Technology, Muzaffarpur, Bihar, India
  2. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) College of Engineering, Pune, India
  3. Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, IIT Guwahati, India
  4. School of Advanced Sciences, Department of Physics, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Naidu, India
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Abstrakt

Lane detection is one of the key steps for developing driver assistance and vehicle automation features. A number of techniques are available for lane detection as part of computer vision tools to perform lane detection with different levels of accuracies. In this paper a unique method has been proposed for lane detection based on dynamic origin (DOT). This method provides better flexibility to adjust the outcome as per the specific needs of the intended application compared to other techniques. As the method offers better degree of control during the lane detection process, it can be adapted to detect lanes in varied situations like poor lighting or low quality road markings. Moreover, the Piecewise Linear Stretching Function (PLSF) has also been incorporated into the proposed method to improve the contrast of the input image source. Adding the PLSF method to the proposed lane detection technique, has significantly improved the accuracy of lane detection when compared to hough transform method from 87.88% to 98.25% in day light situations and from 94.15% to 97% in low light situations.
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Bibliografia

[1] V. Gaikwad, S. Lokhande, “Lane departure identification for advanced driver assistance,” IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems., 2015, 16(2): 910–918.
[2] Sandipann P. Narote, Pradnya N. Bhujbal, Abbhilasha S. Narote, Dhiraj M. Dhane, “A review of recent advances in lane detection and departure warning,” System. Pattern Recognition, 2018, 73:216-234.
[3] P.C. Wu, C. Chang, C.H. Lin, “Lane mark extraction for automobiles under complex conditions,” Pattern Recognition, 2014, 47: 2756–2767.
[4] C. Mu, X. Ma, “Lane detection based on object segmentation and piecewise fitting,” Telkomnika Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering, 2014, 12(5):3491–3500.
[5] CALTECH database http://www.vision.caltech.edu/archive.html
[6] Y. Dong, J. Xiong, L. Li, J. Yang “Lane detection based on object segmentation and piecewise fitting,” ICCP proceedings, 2012, 461–464.
[7] P. Hsiao, C.W. Yeh, S. Huang, L.C. Fu, “Portable vision based real time lane departure warning system day and night,” IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology,2009, 58(4):2089–2094.
[8] Prashanth Viswanath, Pramod Swami, “A Robust and Real -Time Image Based Lane Departure Warning System,” IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics, 2016.
[9] Minghua Niu, Jianmin Zhang, Gen Li, “Research on the Algorithms of Lane Recognition based on Machine Vision,” International Journal of Intelligent Engineering and Systems, 2015, 8(4).
[10] Gulivindala Suresh,Chanamallu Srinivasa Rao, “Localization of Copy-Move Forgery in Digital Images through Differential Excitation Texture Features,” International Journal of Intelligent Engineering and Systems, 2019, 12(2).
[11] C.R. Jung, C.R. Kelber, “Lane following and lane departure using a linear parabolic mode,” Image and Vision Computing, 2005, 23(13):1192–1202.
[12] D. Kragic, L. Petersson and H.I. Christensen, “Visually guided manipulation tasks,” Robotics and Autonomous Systems, 2002, 40(2/3):193-203.
[13] J.W. Lee, “A machine vision system for lane departure detection. Computing,” Vision Image Understanding, 2002, 86(1): 52–78.
[14] J. Melo, A. Naftel, A. Bernardino, J. Santos, “Detection and classification of highway lanes using vehicle motion trajectories,” IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2006, 7(2): 188–200.
[15] Chaiwat Nuthong; Theekapun Charoenpong, “Lane detection using smoothing,” 3rd International Congress on Image and Signal Processing, 2010, 989-993.
[16] Bing Yu; Weigong Zhang; Yingfeng Cai, “A Lane Departure Warning System Based on Machine Vision,” Proceeding IEEE Pacific-Asia Workshop on Computational Intelligence and Industrial Application, 2008, 197-201.
[17] J.G. Wang, C. Lin, S. Chen, “Applying fuzzy method to vision-based lane detection and departure warning system,” Expert Systems with Applications, 2010, 3(1):113–126.
[18] H. Xu, H. Li, “Study on a robust approach of lane departure warning algorithm,” IEEE International Conference on Signal Processing System (ICSPS), 2010, 201–204.
[19] S. Srivastava, M. Lumb, R. Singal, “Improved Lane Detection using Hybrid Median Filter and Modified Hough Transform,” International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering, 2014, 4(1): 30–37.
[20] H. Aung, M.H. Zaw, “Video based lane departure warning system using hough transform,” International Conference on Advances in Engineering and Technology (ICAET), 2010, 85–88.
[21] X. An, E. Shang, J. Song, J. Li, H. He, “Real-time lane departure warning system based on a single fpga,” Eurasip Journal on Image and Video Processing, 2013,38(1–18).
[22] J. Son, H. Yoo, S. Kim, K. Sohn, “Real-time illumination invariant lane detection for lane departure warning system,” Expert Systems with Applications, 2015, 42(4):1816–1824.
[23] Y. Wang, D. Shen, E.K. Teoh, “Lane detection using spline model,” Pattern Recognition, 2000, 21(9): 677–689.
[24] C.J. Lin, J.G. Wang, S.M. Chen, C.Y. Lee, “Design of a lane detection and departure warning system using functional link-based neuro-fuzzy network,” IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy System (FUZZ), 2010, 1–7.
[25] Q. Lin, Y. Han, H. Hahn, “Real time lane detection based on extended edge-linking algorithm,” IEEE International Conference on Computer Research and Development, 2010, 725–730.
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[27] E. Salari, D. Ouyang, “Camera-based forward collision and lane departure warning system using svm,” IEEE 56th International Midwest Symp. On Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS), 2013,1278–1281.
[28] A.S. Aguadoa, Eugenia, Montie and M. S. Nixonc, “Invariant characterisation of the Hough transform for pose estimation of arbitrary shapes,” Pattern Recognition, 2002, 35(5):1083-1097.
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[30] N. Madrid, P. Hurtik “Lane departure warning for mobile devices based on a fuzzy representation of images,” Fuzzy Sets System, 2016, 291:144–159.
[31] P.Maya, C.Tharini, “Performance Analysis of Lane Detection Algorithm using Partial Hough Transform,” 21st International Arab Conference on Information Technology (ACIT'2020), 2020, Egypt.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

P. Maya
1
C. Tharini
2

  1. B S Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
  2. B S Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology,Chennai, India
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Abstrakt

The problems in the Covid-19 pandemic have a major influence on the field of education with the use of technology to support the teaching and learning process to facilitate students who do home learning activities. The proposed concept of freedom of learning is a more comprehensive concept such as portfolio and assignments such as group assignments, writings, and so on that are done in full online by adding additional features such as Teaching and Learning Activities and Assessment through information technology media. (E-Learning / Learning Management System). The method proposed in this research is the Peer Connection Queue (PCQ) method on mikrotik operating systems. PCQ method is a program to manage network traffic in Quality of Services (QoS). Bandwidth management methods. The hypothesis formulated is to create bandwidth management with PCQ so that bandwidth sharing is automatically and evenly distributed to multi clients. Therefore, in this research finally formulated into the goal of E-Learning effectiveness analysis using bandwidth management analysis method, which will be measured and analyzed in this research is throughput, delay, jitter, and packet loss. So that the final result of this research obtained the feasibility of the teaching and learning process that is carried out effectively.
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Bibliografia

[1] M. Giatman, S. Siswati, I.Y. Basri, “Online Learning Quality Control in the Pandemic Covid-19 Era in Indonesia,” Journal of Nonformal Education, 6(2), 2020, 168-175.
[2] A. Purwanto, M. Asbari, M. Fahlevi, A. Mufid, E. Agistiawati, Y. Cahyono, P. Suryani, “Impact of Work From Home (WFH) on Indonesian Teachers Performance During the Covid-19 Pandemic: An Exploratory Study,” International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, 2020, 29(05), 6235-6244.
[3] Y. Wiratomo, F. Mulyatna, “Use of learning management systems in learning efforts during a pandemic,” Journal of Mathematical Pedagogy (JoMP), 2020, 1(2).
[4] Y. K. Dwivedi, D. L. Hughes, C. Coombs, I. Constantiou, Y. Duan, J. S. Edwards, R. Raman, “Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on information management research and practice: Transforming education, work and life,” International Journal of Information Management, 2020, 55, 102211.
[5] N. Kapasia, P. Paul, A. Roy, J. Saha, A. Zaveri, R. Mallick, P. Chouhan, “Impact of lockdown on learning status of undergraduate and postgraduate students during COVID-19 pandemic in West Bengal, India,” Children and Youth Services Review, 2020. 116, 105194.
[6] S. Sundarasen, K. Chinna, K. Kamaludin, M. Nurunnabi, G.M. Baloch, H.B. Khoshaim, A. Sukayt, “Psychological impact of COVID-19 and lockdown among university students in Malaysia: implications and policy recommendations,” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2020, 17(17), 6206. [7] https://kampusmerdeka.kemdikbud.go.id/news/kampus-merdeka-ala-mas-menteri-nadiem-makarim-seperti-apa-konsepnya
[8] https://www.kemdikbud.go.id/main/blog/2020/10/ditjen-dikti-luncurkan-buku-panduan-kurikulum-dikti-dan-aplikasi-merdeka-belajarkampus-merdeka
[9] Menteri Pendidikan, Surat Edaran Nomor 1 Tahun 2020 Tentang Kebijakan Merdeka Belajar dalam Penentuan Kelulusan Peserta Didik, dan Pelaksanaan Penerimaan Peserta Didik Baru Tahun Ajaran 2020/2021, Surat Edaran MENDIKBUD RI, 2020.
[10] Menteri Pendidikan, Surat Edaran Nomor 2 Tahun 2020 Tentang Pencegahan Dan Penanganan Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) di Kementerian Pendidikan Dan Kebudayaan. Surat Edaran MENDIKBUD RI, 2020.
[11] Menteri Pendidikan, Surat Edaran Nomor 3 Tahun 2020 Tentang Pencegahan COVID-19 pada Satuan Pendidikan. Surat Edaran MENDIKBUD RI, 2020.
[12] Menteri Pendidikan, Surat Edaran Nomor 4 Tahun 2020 Tentang Pelaksanaan Kebijakan Pendidikan dalam Masa Darurat Penyebaran Covid-19. Surat Edaran MENDIKBUD RI, 2020.
[13] A.D. Alharthi, M. Spichkova, M. Hamilton, “Sustainability requirements for eLearning systems: a systematic literature review and analysis,” Requirements Engineering, 2019, 24(4), 523-543.
[14] F.J. García-Peñalvo, (2021), “Avoiding the dark side of digital transformation in teaching. An institutional reference framework for eLearning in higher education”, Sustainability, 13(4), 2023.
[15] Al Fadjri, M. K. N., Ritzkal, R., & Hendrawan, A. H., “Computer Network Analysis Using The Queue System In Mikrotik: Computer Network Analysis Using The Queue System,” In Mikrotik, Jurnal Mantik, 2020, 4(1), 483-488.
[16] Ramady, G. D., Hidayat, R., Mahardika, A. G., & Hidayat, W., December) “Optimizing Wireless Distribution System Network Infrastructure in Hybrid Topology using PCQ Method,” In Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2019, Vol. 1424, No. 1, p. 012026. IOP Publishing.
[17] Pratama, Y., Ependi, U., & Suroyo, H., (“Optimization of Wireless Network Performance Using the Hierarchical Token Bucket (Case Study: Muhammadiyah University of Palembang),” Journal of Information Systems and Informatics, 2019, 1(1), 49-59.
[18] Hafiz, A., Afriansyah, D., Ikhsan, F. K., Suprapto, B., & Pratama, I. W., (2019) “Measuring quality of wireless local area network using quality of service framework,” IJISCS (International Journal of Information System and Computer Science), 3(3), 90-97.
[19] Sutanto, I., Wahjuni, S., Prianggono, J., & Guritman, S., (2019) “Optimization Distance Learning Computer of Network,” Computer Engineering and Applications Journal, 8(1), 65-76.
[20] F. Liantoni, R.I. Perwira, “Queue Tree Implementation for Bandwidth Management in Modern Campus Network Architecture,” Kinetik: Game Technology, Information System, Computer Network, Computing, Electronics, and Control, 2017, 3(1), 17-26.
[21] A. L. I. A. A.Ramadhan, R. E. Indrajit, N. Rokhman, E.W. Subanar, P.S. Kumar, B.T. Rao, M. Ola, “Analysis of effectiveness of using simple queue with per connection queue (PCQ) in the bandwidth management (A case study at the academy of information management and computer mataram (AMIKOM) mataram),” Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology, 2016, 83(3).
[22] M. Zimmermann, “Towards tailormade eLearning streaming services: A framework for specification, implementation and management,” in Advanced Int'l Conference on Telecommunications and Int'l Conference on Internet and Web Applications and Services (AICT-ICIW'06), IEEE, 2006, February, pp. 67-67.
[23] L. Ananatharman, “Knowledge management and learning: ELearning and knowledge management system,” in 2012 15th International Conference on Interactive Collaborative Learning (ICL), 2012, September, pp. 1-6, IEEE.
[24] T. Favale, F. Soro, M. Trevisan, I. Drago, M. Mellia, “Campus traffic and e-Learning during COVID-19 pandemic,” Computer Networks, 2020, 107290.
[25] D. Iswadi, R. Adriman, R. Munadi, “Adaptive Switching PCQ-HTB Algorithms for Bandwidth Management in RouterOS,” in 2019 IEEE International Conference on Cybernetics and Computational Intelligence (CyberneticsCom), IEEE, 2019, August, pp. 61-65.
[26] Budiyanto, S., & Pratama, I., “Classification of Network Status in Academic Information Systems using Naive Bayes Algorithm Method,” In 2020 2nd International Conference on Broadband Communications, Wireless Sensors and Powering (BCWSP), IEEE, 2020, September , pp. 107-112.
[27] Praptodiyono, S., Firmansyah, T., Murugesan, R. K., Alaydrus, M., Aprilia, R., & Leau, Y. B.,” Improving the security of mobile IPV6 signalling using KECCAK/SHA-3,” Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, 2021, 16(3), 2312-2325.
[28] Ramadhan, E., Firdausi, A., & Budiyanto, S., “Design and analysis QoS VoIP using routing Border Gateway Protocol (BGP),” In 2017 International Conference on Broadband Communication, Wireless Sensors and Powering (BCWSP), IEEE, 2017, November, (pp. 1-4).

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Setiyo Budiyanto
1
Lukman Medriavin Silalahi
1
Freddy Artadima Silaban
1
Henry Binsar Hamonangan Sitorus
2
Agus Dendi Rochendi
3
Mochamad Furqon Ismail
4

  1. Department of Electrical Engineering, Universitas Mercu Buana, Indonesia
  2. Department of Electrical Engineering, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jakarta , Indonesia
  3. Department of Oceanographic Physics, Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia, Indonesia
  4. Department of Physical Oceanography, Geomar Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Germany
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Abstrakt

In order to improve the operational reliability and service life of the main systems, components and assemblies (SCA) of railway transport (RT), it is necessary to timely detect (diagnose) their defects, including the use of the methods of intellectual analysis and data processing.
One of the promising approaches to the synthesis of the SCA functional control system is the use of intelligent technology (INTECH) methods. This technology is based on maximizing the information capacity of an automated decision support system for detecting faults during its training.
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Bibliografia

[1] M. Schickert, I. Aydin, M. Karak¨ose, E. & Akin, ”A new contactless fault diagnosis approach for pantograph-catenary system,” in MECHATRONIKA, 2012 15th International Symposium, pp. 1-6, IEEE, 2012.
[2] A. Le Mortellec, J. Clarhaut, Y. Sallez, D. Berger, & Trentesaux, ”Embedded holonic fault diagnosis of complex transportation systems,” Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 26(1), pp. 227-24, 2013.
[3] Ph M. Papaelias, C. Roberts, L.C. & Davis, ”A review on non-destructive evaluation of rails: state-of-the-art and future development,” Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit, 222(4), pp. 367-384, 2008.
[4] J. Seeliger, Mackel, D. Georges, ”Measurement and diagnosis of process-disturbing oscillations in high-speed rolling plants,” in Proc. XIV IMEKO World Congress, 2002.
[5] X.S. Jin, J. Guo, X.B. Xiao, Z.F. Wen, & Z.R. Zhou, ”Key scientific problems in the study on running safety of high speed trains,” Engineering Mechanics, 26 (Sup II), pp. 8–25, 2009.
[6] L. Mariani, F. Pastore, & M. Pezze, ”Dynamic analysis for diagnosing integration faults,” IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 37(4), pp. 486-508, 2011.
[7] Y.C. Huang, H.C. Sun, ”Dissolved gas analysis of mineral oil for power transformer fault diagnosis using fuzzy logic,” IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 20(3), pp. 974-981, 2013.
[8] Orb´an, Zolt´an, and Marc Gutermann, ”Assessment of masonry arch railway bridges using non-destructive in-situ testing methods,” Engineering Structures, 31.10 (2009): pp. 2287-2298, 2009.
[9] Yella, Siril, M. S. Dougherty, and N. K. Gupta, ”Artificial intelligence techniques for the automatic interpretation of data from non-destructive testing,” Insight-Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring, 48.1: pp. 10-20, 2006.
[10] P.S. Bhowmik, S. Pradhan, M. Prakash, ”Fault diagnostic and monitoring methods of inductionmotor: a review,” International Journal of Applied Control, Electrical and Electronics, Vol. 1, pp. 1-18, 2013.
[11] Petr Dolezel, Pavel Skrabanek, Lumir Gago, ”Pattern recognition neural network as a tool for pest birds detection,” Computational Intelligence, SSCIIEEE Symposium Series on, pp. 1-6, 2016.
[12] V. Lakhno, Y. Tkach, T. Petrenko, S. Zaitsev, & V. Bazylevych, V. ”Development of adaptive expert system of information security using a procedure of clustering the attributes of anomalies and cyber attacks,” Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies, (6 (9)), pp. 32- 44, 2016.
[13] V. Lakhno, ”Creation of the adaptive cyber threat detection system on the basis of fuzzy feature clustering,” Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies, 2.9 2016:18, 2016.
[14] V.A. Lakhno, P.U. Kravchuk, V.P. Malyukov, V.N. Domrachev, L.V. Myrutenko, O.S. Piven, ”Developing of the cyber security system based on clustering and formation of control deviation signs,” Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology, Vol. 95, Iss. 21, pp. 5778-5786.
[15] A.S. Dovbish, ”Osnovi proektuvannja ntelektualnih sistem” / A.S. Dovbish. Sumi: SumDU, 171 p., 2009.
[16] X. Zhang, N. Feng, Y. Wang, & Y. Shen, ”Acoustic emission detection of rail defect based on wavelet transform and Shannon entropy,” Journal of Sound and Vibration, p. 419-432, 2015.
[17] A. Giantomassi, F. Ferracuti, S. Iarlori, G. Ippoliti, & S. Longhi, ”Electric motor fault detection and diagnosis by kernel density estimation and Kullback–Leibler divergence based on stator current measurements,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2015, 62(3), pp. 1770- 1780, 2015.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Ayaulym Oralbekova
1
Marzhana Amanova
1
Kamila Rustambekova
1
Zhanat Kaskatayev
1
Olga Kisselyova
2
Roza Nurgaliyeva
1

  1. Kazakh University Ways of Communications, Almaty, Kazakhstan
  2. Kazakh Academy of Transport and Communications named after M. Tynyshpayev, Almaty, Kazakhstan
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Abstrakt

This paper deals with the implementation of a DC and AC double-gate MOSFET compact model in the Verilog- AMS language for the transient simulation and the configuration of ultra low-power analog circuits. The Verilog-AMS description of the proposed model is inserted in SMASH circuit simulator for the transient simulation and the configuration of the Colpitts oscillator, the common-source amplifier, and the inverter. The proposed model has the advantages of being simple and compact. It was validated using TCAD simulation results of the same transistor realized with Silvaco Software.
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Bibliografia

[1] N. Arora, “MOSFET Modeling for VLSl Circuit Simulation: Theory and Practice,” World Scientific, 1993.
[2] International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors. Available: http://www.itrs2.net, 2017.
[3] O. Samy, H. Abdelhamid, Y. Ismail, A. Zekry, “A 2D compact model for lightly doped DGMOSFETs (P-DGFETs) including negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) and short channel effects (SCEs),” Microelectronics reliability, 2016, 67, 82-88.
[4] J-P. Colinge, “FinFETs and Other Multi-Gate Transistors,” Springer, 2008.
[5] A. Amara, “Planar Double-Gate Transistor, From Technology to Circuit,” Springer, 2009.
[6] D. Stefanović, M. Kayal, M, “Structured Analog CMOS Design,” Springer, 2008.
[7] A. Mangla, M.-A. Chalkiadaki, F. Fadhuile, T. Taris, Y. Deval, C. C. Enz, “Design methodology for ultra low-power analog circuits using next generation BSIM6 MOSFET compact model,” Microelectronics journal, 2013, 44, 570-575.
[8] A.B. Bhattacharyya, “Compact MOSFET models for VLSI design,” Wiley, 2009.
[9] B. Smaani, S. Latreche, B. Iñiguez, „Compact drain-current model for undoped cylindrical surrounding-gate MOSFETs including short channel effects,” J. Appl. Phys., 2013, 114.
[10] J-M. Sallese, F. Krummenacher, F. Prégaldiny, „A design oriented charge-based current model for symmetric DG MOSFET and its correlation with the EKV formalism,” Solid-State Electronics, 2012, 49, 485-489.
[11] O. Moldovan, F. Lime, S. Barraud, B. Smaani, „Experimentally verified drain-current model for variable barrier transistor,” IET Electronics Letters, 2015, 51, 17, 364–366.
[12] J. Alvarado, B. Iñiguez, M. Estrada, “Implementation of the symmetric doped double-gate MOSFET model in Verilog-A for circuit simulation,” Int. J. Numer. Model, 2010, 23, 88–106.
[13] O. Cobianu, M. Soffke, A. Glesner, “Verilog-A model of an undoped symmetric dual-gate MOSFET,” Int. Adv. Radio Sci, 2006, 4, 303–306.
[14] M. Cheralathan, E. Contreras, J. Alvarado, “Implementation of nanoscale double-gate CMOS circuits using compact advanced transport models,” Microelectronics Journal, 2013, 44, 80–85. [15] Verilog-AMS User Manual, Accellera 2006.
[16] B. Smaani, M. Bella, S. Latreche, “Compact Modeling of Lightly Doped Nanoscale DG MOSFET Transistor,” Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2014, 492, 06–10.
[17] O. Samy, H. Abdelhamid , Y. Ismail, A. Zekry, “A 2D compact model for lightly doped DG MOSFETs (P-DGFETs) including negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) and short channel effects (SCEs),” Microelectronics Reliability, 2016, 67, 82-88.
[18] Y. Taur, X. Liang, “A continuous, analytic drain-current model for DG MOSFETs,” IEEE Electron device Letters, 2004, 25, 2, 107–109.
[19] J-M. Sallese, A. S. Porret, “A novel approach to charge-based non-quasi-static model of the MOS transistor valid in all modes of operation,” Solid-State Electronics, 2000, 44, 887-894.
[20] H. Børli, S. Kolberg, “Capacitance modeling of short-channel double-gate MOSFETs,” Solid-State Electronics, 2008, 52, 1486–1490.
[21] C. Enz, F. Krummenacher, A.Vittoz, “An analytical MOS Transistor Model Valid in All Regions of Operation Dedicated to low voltage and low current applications,” Analog and integrated Circuits and Signal Processing, 1995, 8, 83-114.
[22] M. Bella, S. Latreche, C. Gontrand, “Nanoscale DGMOSFET: DC modification and Analysis of Noise in RF Oscillator,” Journal of Applied Sciences,2015, 5, 800–807.
[23] R. Blaise, W. Tekam, J. Kengne, G. D. Kenmoe, “High frequency Colpitts’ oscillator: A simple configuration for chaos generation,” Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 2019, 126, 351–360.
[24] A.Rana1, P. Gaikwad, “Colpitts oscillator: design and performance optimization,” Int. Journal of Applied Sciences and Engineering Research, 2014, 3, 913–919.
[25] SMASH User Manual Version 5.18 Release, 2012.
[26] Device simulator ATLAS, Silvaco International, 2007.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Billel Smaani
1
Yacin Meraihi
2
Fares Nafa
2
Mohamed Salah Benlatreche
3
Hamza Akroum
4
Saida Latreche
5

  1. Ingénierie des Systémes Electriques Department, Faculty of Technology, Boumerdes University, Algeria
  2. Laboratoire d'Ingénierie et Systèmes de Télécommunications, Faculté de Technologie, Boumerdes, Algeria
  3. Centre Universitaire Abdel Hafid Boussouf Mila, Algeria
  4. Laboratoire d’Automatique Appliquée, Université M’Hamed Bougara de Boumerdes, Algeria
  5. Laboratoire Hyperfréquences et Semiconducteurs, Electronique Department, Constantine 1 University, Algeria
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Abstrakt

A resonant frequency control method for dielectric rod resonators is discussed. A dielectric rod of cylindrical shape is placed inside a metal cavity. The bottom face of the dielectric rod is fixed at the metal base plate. Resonant frequency tuning is achieved by lifting the top metal plate above the dielectric rod upper face. The paper presents simulations using the mode matching technique and experimental study of this tunable resonator. Resonant frequency of the basic mode can be tuned by more than an octave with displacements of only tens of micrometres, which is in range of piezoactuators, MEMS, etc. A distinct feature of the proposed tuning technique is that the quality factor of the system does not degrade throughout the tuning range.
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Bibliografia

[1] J. X. Xu, X. Y. Zhang and Q. Xue, "Dual-channel filter based on dielectric resonator for 5G massive MIMO system," 2018 IEEE MTT-S International Wireless Symposium (IWS), Chengdu, 2018, pp. 1-3. https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEE-IWS.2018.8400849
[2] A. Panariello, M. Yu and C. Ernst, "Ku-Band High Power Dielectric Resonator Filters," in IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 61, no. 1, pp. 382-392, Jan. 2013. https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2012.2229292
[3] A. Rashidian and L. Shafai, “Low-Profile Dielectric Resonator Antennas for Millimeter-Wave Applications”, in 15th Int. Symp. Antenna Technol. Appl. Electromagn., 2012. https://doi.org/10.1109/ANTEM.2012.6262406
[4] C. Orlob and C. Neumaier, "Tunable quad-mode dielectric resonator filter," 2017 47th European Microwave Conference (EuMC), Nuremberg, 2017, pp. 915-918. https://doi.org/10.23919/EuMC.2017.8230994
[5] F. Lin and M. Rais-Zadeh, “Continuously Tunable 0.55–1.9-GHz Bandpass Filter With a Constant Bandwidth Using Switchable Varactor-Tuned Resonators,” IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 65, no. 3, pp. 792–803, March 2017. https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2016.2633270
[6] J. Uher and W. J. R. Hoefer, "Tunable microwave and millimeter-wave band-pass filters," in IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 643-653, Apr 1991. https://doi.org/10.1109/22.76427
[7] Tao Shen, K. A. Zaki and Chi Wang, "Tunable dielectric resonators with dielectric tuning disks," in IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 48, no. 12, pp. 2439-2445, Dec 2000. https://doi.org/10.1109/22.898995
[8] F. Huang, S. Fouladi, and R. Mansour, “High-Q tunable dielectric resonator filters using MEMS technology”, IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 59, no. 12, pp. 3401–3409, Dec. 2011. https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2011.2171984
[9] Y. Kobayashi, S. Tanaka, “Resonant modes of a dielectric rod resonator short-circuited at both ends by parallel conducting plates,” IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 28, no 10, pp.1077-1085, Oct. 1980. https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.1980.1130228
[10] M. Esmaeili, J. Bornemann, “Novel Tunable Bandstop Resonators in SIW Technology and Their Application to a Dual-Bandstop Filter with One Tunable Stopband,” IEEE Microw. Wirel. Compon. Lett., vol. 27, no 1, pp. 40–42, Jan. 2017. https://doi.org/10.1109/LMWC.2016.2630007
[11] B. Potelon, C. Quendo, E. Rius, J.-F. Favennec, “Tunable Bandstop Resonator based on Dual Behavior Resonator Principle,” Proceedings of 2017 IEEE Africon, Cape Town, 2017, pp. 559–562. https://doi.org/10.1109/AFRCON.2017.8095542
[12] J. Berge, A. Vorobiev, W., and S. Gevorgian, “Tunable Solidly Mounted Thin Film Bulk Acoustic Resonators Based on BaxSr1-xTiO3 Films,” IEEE Microw. Wirel. Compon. Lett., vol. 17, no 9, pp. 655–657, Sep. 2007. https://doi.org/10.1109/LMWC.2007.903445
[13] R. Allanic, D. Le Berre, Y. Quéré, C. Quendo, D. Chouteau, V. Grimal, D. Valente, and J. Billoué, “Continuously Tunable Resonator Using a Novel Triangular Doped Area on a Silicon Substrate,” IEEE Microw. Wirel. Compon. Lett., vol. 28, no 12, pp. 1095–1097, Dec. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1109/LMWC.2018.2877661
[14] R.R. Benoit, N.S. Barker, “Superconducting Tunable Microstrip Gap Resonators Using Low Stress RF MEMS Fabrication Process” IEEE J. Electron Devices Soc., vol. 5, no 4, pp. 239–243, Jul. 2017. https://doi.org/10.1109/JEDS.2017.2706676
[15] Zhe Chen, Wei Hong, Jixin Chen, and Jianyi Zhou, “Design of High-Q Tunable SIW Resonator and Its Application to Low Phase Noise VCO” IEEE Microw. Wirel. Compon. Lett., vol. 23, no 1, pp. 43–45, Jan. 2013. https://doi.org/10.1109/LMWC.2012.2234088
[16] Y. Kobayashi and T. Senju, "Resonant modes in shielded uniaxial-anisotropic dielectric rod resonators," in IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 41, no. 12, pp. 2198-2205, Dec 1993. https://doi.org/10.1109/22.260706
[17] K. Savin, Yu. Prokopenko and G. A. E. Vandenbosch, “Mode matching technique for tunable shielded cylindrical metal-dielectric resonator,” 33d IEEE Int. Conf. “Electronics and Nanotechnology” (ELNANO-2013), Kyiv, Ukraine, 16–19 April 2013, pp. 118–122. https://doi.org/10.1109/ELNANO.2013.6552054
[18] K. Savin, I. Golubeva, Y. Prokopenko, “Calculation of frequency and power characteristics of the composite metal-dielectric resonator using the method of partial regions,” Radioelectronics and Communications Systems, vol. 59, no.5, p. 229–236, May 2016. https://doi.org/10.3103/S0735272716050058
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[20] I. N. Bondarenko, Y. S. Vasiliev, A. S. Zhizhiriy and A. L. Ishenko, "Arrangement device for monitoring of parameters of microwave resonators," 2010 20th International Crimean Conference "Microwave & Telecommunication Technology", Sevastopol, 2010, pp. 969-970. https://doi.org/10.1109/CRMICO.2010.5632420
[21] Pratsiuk Borys, Prokopenko Yuriy, Poplavko Yuriy. Tunable filters based on metal-dielectric resonators // Proc. of 18th International Conference on Microwave, Radar and Wireless Communications MIKON-2010, June 14-16. – pp. 309-311.
[22] Yu. V. Prokopenko, “Controllability range of dielectric inhomogeneity located between the metal planes,” Tekhnologiya i Konstruirovanie v Elektronnoi Apparature, no. 6, pp. 16-20, Nov. 2012 (in Russian).
[23] K. Savin, P. Sergienko, I. Golubeva, Y. Prokopenko, “Calculation of quality factor of tunable shielded cylindrical metal-dielectric resonator using mode matching technique,” Proc. of 20th International Conference on Microwave, Radar and Wireless Communications MIKON-2014, Gdansk (Poland), June 16-18, pp. 414-416. https://doi.org/10.1109/MIKON.2014.6899952
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Kostiantyn Savin
1
Irina Golubeva
1
Victor Kazmirenko
1
Yuriy Prokopenko
1
Guy A.E. Vandenbosch
2

  1. Department of Electronic Engineering, Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute, Kyiv, Ukraine
  2. ESAT-TELEMIC Group, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
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Abstrakt

RFID systems are one of the essential technologies and used many diverse applications. The security and privacy are the primary concern in RFID systems which are overcome by using suitable authentication protocols. In this manuscript, the costeffective RFID-Mutual Authentication (MA) using a lightweight Extended Tiny encryption algorithm (XTEA) is designed to overcome the security and privacy issues on Hardware Platform. The proposed design provides two levels of security, which includes secured Tag identification and mutual authentication. The RFIDMA mainly has Reader and Tag along with the backend Server. It establishes the secured authentication between Tag and Reader using XTEA. The XTEA with Cipher block chaining (CBC) is incorporated in RFID for secured MA purposes. The authentication process completed based on the challenge and response between Reader and Tag using XTEA-CBC. The present work is designed using Verilog-HDL on the Xilinx environment and implemented on Artix-7 FPGA. The simulation and synthesis results discussed with hardware constraints like Area, power, and time. The present work is compared with existing similar approaches with hardware constraints improvements.
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Bibliografia

[1] A. Ibrahim and G. Dalkılıc, “Review of different classes of RFID authentication protocols,” Wireless Networks, Vol.25, No. 3, pp.961-974, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-017-1638-3
[2] G. Hatzivasilis, K. Fysarakis, I. Papaefstathiou and C. Manifavas. “A review of lightweight block ciphers,” Journal of Cryptographic Engineering, Vol. 8, No. 2, pp.141-184, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13389-017-0160-y
[3] J. Kaur, A. Kumar, M. Bansal. “Lightweight cipher algorithms for smart cards security: A survey and open challenges,” 4th International Conference on Signal Processing, Computing and Control (ISPCC), pp. 541-546, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1109/ISPCC.2017.8269738
[4] X. Chen, K. Ma, D. Geng, J. Zhai, W. Liu, H. Zhang, T. Zhu, and X. Piao. “Untraceable Analysis of Scalable RFID Security Protocols,” Wireless Personal Communications, pp.1-21,2019, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-019-06650-1
[5] M.G. Samaila, M. Neto, D. AB. Fernandes, M. M. Freire, and P. RM. Inácio. “Security challenges of the Internet of Things,” Beyond the Internet of Things, pp. 53-82, 2017.
[6] M. M-Kermani, K. Tian, R. Azarderakhsh, and S. B-Sarmadi, “Fault-resilient lightweight cryptographic block ciphers for secure embedded systems,” IEEE Embedded Systems Letters, Vol. 6, No. 4, pp.89-92, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1109/LES.2014.2365099
[7] Y.S. Kang, E.O. Sullivan, D. Choi, and M. O’Neill, “Security Analysis on RFID Mutual Authentication Protocol,” in International Workshop on Information Security Applications, Springer, Cham, pp. 65-74, 2015, https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31875-2_6
[8] M. Feldhofer and J. Wolkerstorfer, “Hardware implementation of symmetric algorithms for RFID security,” in RFID security, Springer, Boston, MA, pp. 373-415, 2008, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-76481-8_15
[9] B. Toiruul and K.O. Lee, “An advanced mutual-authentication algorithm using AES for RFID systems,” International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security, Vol. 6, No. 9B, pp.156-162, 2006
[10] M. Feldhofer, S. Dominikus and J. Wolkerstorfer, “Strong authentication for RFID systems using the AES algorithm,” in International Workshop on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 357-370, 2004.
[11] R. Baashirah, A. Kommareddy, S. K. Batchu, V. Sunku, R. S. Ginjupalli, and S. Abuzneid, “Security implementation using present-puffin protocol in RFID devices,” in IEEE Long Island Systems, Applications and Technology Conference (LISAT), pp. 1-5, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1109/LISAT.2018.8378024
[12] N. Dinarvand and H. Barati, “An efficient and secure RFID authentication protocol using elliptic curve cryptography,” Wireless Networks, Vol. 25, No. 1, pp.415-428, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-017-1565-3
[13] J. Kang, “Lightweight mutual authentication RFID protocol for secure multi-tag simultaneous authentication in ubiquitous environments,” The Journal of Supercomputing, Vol. 75, No. 8, pp. 4529-4542, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-016-1788-6
[14] J. Yu, G. Khan, and F. Yuan, “XTEA encryption based novel RFID security protocol,” In 24th Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (CCECE), pp. 000058-000062, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1109/CCECE.2011.6030408
[15] G.N. Khan, X. Yu, and F. Yuan, “A novel XTEA based authentication protocol for RFID systems,” in URSI General Assembly and Scientific Symposium, pp. 1-4, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1109/URSIGASS.2011.6050584
[16] G.N. Khan and G. Zhu, “Secure RFID authentication protocol with key updating technique,” in 22nd International Conference on Computer Communication and Networks (ICCCN), pp. 1-5, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCCN.2013.6614192
[17] G. Zhu and G. N. Khan, “Symmetric key based RFID authentication protocol with a secure key-updating scheme,” in 26th IEEE Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (CCECE), pp. 1-5, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1109/CCECE.2013.6567741
[18] G.N. Khan and M. Moessner, “Low-cost authentication protocol for passive, computation capable RFID tags,” Wireless Networks, Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 565-580, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-014-0803-1
[19] S. Seshabhattar, S. K. Jagannatha, and D. W. Engels, “Security implementation within GEN2 protocol,” in IEEE International Conference on RFID-Technologies and Applications, pp. 402-407, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1109/RFID-TA.2011.6068669
[20] M. Saxena, R. N. Shaw, and J.K. Verma. “A Novel Hash-Based Mutual RFID Tag Authentication Protocol,” in Data and Communication Networks, pp. 1-12, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2254-9_1
[21] K. Zang, H. Xu, F. Zhu, and P. Li, “Analysis and Design of Group RFID Tag Security Authentication Protocol,” in Conference on Complex, Intelligent, and Software Intensive Systems, Springer, Cham, pp. 637-645, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22354-0_57
[22] F. Zhu, P. Li, H. Xu, and R. Wang, “A Lightweight RFID Mutual Authentication Protocol with PUF,” Sensor, Vol. 19, No. 13, pp. 2957, 2019, https://doi.org/10.3390/s19132957.
[23] R. Jain , K. G. Maradiab, “Comparative Analysis of SEA and XTEA for Resource Constrained Embedded Systems,” International Journal of Innovative and Emerging Research in Engineering, Vol. 3 No.4, pp. 78-82, 2016
[24] R. Anusha and V.V. D.Shastrimath “LCBC-XTEA: High Throughput Lightweight Cryptographic Block Cipher Model for Low-Cost RFID Systems,” in Computer Science On-line Conference, Springer, Cham, pp. 185-196, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19813-8_20
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

R. Anusha
1
V. Veena Devi Shastrimath
1

  1. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, N.M.A.M Institute of Technology, Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
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Abstrakt

Real-time data processing systems utilize Digital Signal Processing (DSP) functions as the base modules. Most of the DSP functions involve the implementation of Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to convert the signals from one domain to another domain. The major bottleneck of Decimation in frequency- Fast Fourier Transform (DIF-FFT) implementation lies in using a number of Multipliers. Distributed arithmetic (DA) is considered as one of the efficient techniques to implement DIF-FFT. In this approach, the multipliers are not used. The proposed technique exploits the very advantage of the look-up table by storing the Twiddle factors, thereby avoiding the multipliers required in the butterfly structure. DIF-FFT using Distributed Arithmetic (DIF-FFT DA) models, with different adders such as Ripple carry adder (RCA), Carry-lookahead adder (CLA), and Sklansky prefix graph adder, are proposed in this paper. The three proposed models are synthesized using Cadence 6.1 EDA tools with a 45nm CMOS technology. Compared to the traditional method, it is observed that the area is improved by 53.11%, 53.35%, and 50.15%, power is improved by 42.31%, 42.52%, and 40.39%, and delay is improved by 45.26%, 45.42%, 41.80%, respectively.
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Bibliografia

[1] H. Kim and S. Lekcharoen, “A cooley-tukey modified algorithm in fast fourier transform,” The Korean Journal of Mathematics, vol. 19, no. 3, 2011.
[2] J. Watson, “Digital signal processing: Principles, devices and applications.” Institution of Electrical Engineers, 1990.
[3] B. Mohindroo, A. Paliwal, and K. Suneja, “Fpga based faster implementation of mac unit in residual number system,” in 2020 International Conference for Emerging Technology (INCET). IEEE, 2020, pp. 1–4.
[4] R. Gonzalez-Toral, P. Reviriego, J. A. Maestro, and Z. Gao, “A scheme to design concurrent error detection techniques for the fast fourier transform implemented in sram-based fpgas,” IEEE Transactions on Computers, vol. 67, no. 7, pp. 1039–1045, 2018.
[5] K. K. Parhi, VLSI digital signal processing systems: design and implementation. John Wiley & Sons, 2007.
[6] D. Deepak and R. D. Kiran, “Hardware implementation of discrete cosine transform,” 2002.
[7] R. Guo and L. S. DeBrunner, “A novel adaptive filter implementation scheme using distributed arithmetic,” in 2011 Conference Record of the Forty Fifth Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers (ASILOMAR). IEEE, 2011, pp. 160–164.
[8] S. Patel, “Design and implementation of 31-order fir low-pass filter using modified distributed arithmetic based on fpga,” International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, vol. 2, no. 10, pp. 650–656, 2013.
[9] S. Venkatachalam and S.-B. Ko, “Approximate sum-of-products designs based on distributed arithmetic,” IEEE Transactions on very large scale integration (VLSI) systems, vol. 26, no. 8, pp. 1604–1608, 2018.
[10] K. N. Bowlyn and N. M. Botros, “A novel distributed arithmetic multiplierless approach for computing complex inner products,” in Proceedings of the International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing Techniques and Applications (PDPTA). The Steering Committee of The World Congress in Computer Science, Computer , 2015, p. 606.
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[15] N. M. Sk et al., “Multi-mode parallel and folded vlsi architectures for 1d-fast fourier transform,” Integration, vol. 55, pp. 43–56, 2016.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Kusma Kumari Cheepurupalli
1
Muntha Charan
1
Jammu Bhaskara Rao
1
Mahammad S. Noor
1

  1. Dept. of ECE, Gayatri Vidya Parishad College of Engineering, India
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Abstrakt

As day by day the population is increasing, the use of mobile phones and different applications is increasing which requires high data rate for transmission. Homogeneous cellular network cannot fulfill the demand of mobile users, so creating a heterogeneous cellular network (HCN) is a better choice for higher coverage and capacity to fulfil the increasing demand of upcoming 5G and ultra-dense cellular networks. In this research, the impact of antenna heights and gains under varying pico to macro base stations density ratio from 2G to 5G and beyond on two-tier heterogeneous cellular network has been analyzed for obtaining optimum results of coverage and area spectral efficiency. Furthermore, how the association of UEs affects the coverage and ASE while changing the BSs antenna heights and gains has been explored for the two-tier HCN network model. The simulation results show that by considering the maximum macro BS antenna height, pico BS antenna height equal to user equipment (UE) antenna height and unity gains for both macro and pico tiers, the optimum coverage and area spectral efficiency (ASE) for a two-tier fully loaded heterogeneous cellular network can be obtained.
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Bibliografia

[1] RYSAVY Research, “LTE to 5G: Cellular and Broadband Innovation,” 5G Americas white paper, 2017.
[2] J. Acharya, L. Gao, S. Gaur, “Heterogeneous Networks in LTE-Advanced,” John Wiley & Sons, 2014.
[3] H. S. Dhillon, R. K. Ganti, F. Baccelli, J. G. Andrews, “Modeling and analysis of K-tier downlink heterogeneous cellular networks,” IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 30(3), 2012, pp. 550-560.
[4] J. Chen, P. Rauber, D. Singh, C. Sundarraman, P. Tinnakornsrisuphap, M. Yavuz, “Femtocells – Architecture & Network Aspects,” Qualcomm, 2010, pp. 1-6.
[5] M. Ghanbarisabagh, G. Vetharatnam, S. M. Giacoumidis, Malayer, “Capacity Improvement in 5G Networks Using Femtocell,” Wireless Personal Communications, vol. 105, 2019, pp. 1027–1038, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-019-06134-2
[6] F. Baccelli, B. Btaszczyszyn, “Stochastic Geometry and Wireless Networks: Volume I: Theory,” Foundations and Trends in Networking, Hanover, USA, 2009.
[7] M. Haenggi, “Stochastic Geometry for Wireless Networks,” Cambridge University Press, 2012.
[8] S. N. Chiu, D. Stoyan, W. Kendall, and J. Mecke, “Stochastic Geometry and its applications,” Wiley series in Probability and Statistics, John Wiley & Sons, 2013.
[9] J. G. Andrews, F. Baccelli, and R. K. Ganti, “A tractable approach to coverage and rate in cellular networks,” IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 59, no. 11, 2011, pp. 3122–3134.
[10] H. S. Dhillon, R. K. Ganti, F. Baccelli, and J. G. Andrews, “Modeling and analysis of K-tier downlink heterogeneous cellular networks,” IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 30, no. 3, 2012, pp. 550–560.
[11] Y. Deng, L. Wang, M. Elkashlan, M. Di Renzo and J. Yuan, “Modeling and Analysis of Wireless Power Transfer in Heterogeneous Cellular Networks,” IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 64, no. 12, 2016, pp. 5290-5303.
[12] Q. Ye, B. Rong, Y. Chen, M. Al-Shalash, C. Caramanis and J. G. Andrews, “User Association for Load Balancing in Heterogeneous Cellular Networks,” IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 12, no. 6, 2013, pp. 2706-2716.
[13] S. Singh, and H.S. Dhillon, “Offloading in Heterogeneous Networks: Modeling, Analysis, and Design Insights,” IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 12 (5), 2013, pp. 2484–2497.
[14] W. Wang and G. Shen, “Energy Efficiency of Heterogeneous Cellular Network,” IEEE 72nd Vehicular Technology Conference - Fall, Ottawa, 2010, pp. 1-5.
[15] X. Chen, J. Wu, Y. Cai, H. Zhang and T. Chen, “Energy-Efficiency Oriented Traffic Offloading in Wireless Networks: A Brief Survey and a Learning Approach for Heterogeneous Cellular Networks,” IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 33, no. 4, 2015, pp. 627-640.
[16] X. Li, R. W. Heath Jr., K. Linehan, and R. Butler, “Impact of metro cell antenna pattern and downtilt in heterogeneous networks,” arXiv:1502.05782 [cs.IT], 2015. [Online] Available: http://arxiv.org/abs/1502.05782.
[17] L. Xiang, H. Chen, and F. Zhao, “Area Spectral Efficiency and Energy Efficiency Tradeoff in Ultradense Heterogeneous Networks,” Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, Hindawi, vol. 2017.
[18] M. Ding and D. Lopez Perez, “Please Lower Small Cell Antenna Heights in 5G,” IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), Washington, DC, 2016, pp. 1-6.
[19] M. Ding and D. López-Pérez, “Performance Impact of Base Station Antenna Heights in Dense Cellular Networks,” IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 16, no. 12, 2017, pp. 8147-8161.
[20] M. M. Shaikh, M. C. Aguayo-Torres, “Joint Uplink/Downlink Coverage and Spectral Efficiency in Heterogeneous Cellular Network,” Springer, Wireless Personal Communications Journal, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277- 016-3889-1.
[21] M. M. Shaikh, M. C. Aguayo-Torres, “Fairness and Rate Coverage of Symmetric Transmission over Heterogeneous Cellular Networks under Diverse Coupling and Association Criteria,” Springer Wireless Personal Communications Journal, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-017-4418-6.
[22] S. Mukherjee, “Analytical Modeling of Heterogeneous Cellular Networks: Geometry, Coverage, and Capacity,” Cambridge University Press, 2014.
[23] M. Ding, D. Lopez-Perez, H. Claussen, M. A. Kaafar, “On the Fundamental Characteristics of Ultra-Dense Small Cell Networks,” IEEE Network, vol. 32, no. 3, 2018, pp. 92-100.
[24] 3GPP, “TR 36.828 V11.0.0: 3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Radio Access Network; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Further enhancements to LTE Time Division Duplex (TDD) for Downlink-Uplink (DL-UL) interference management and traffic adaptation (Release 11),” 2012.
[25] 3GPP, “TR 36.814, V2.2.0: 3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Radio Access Network; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Further advancements for E-UTRA physical layer aspects,” 2017.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Anum Abbasi
1
M. Mujtaba Shaikh
1
Safia Amir Dahri
1
Sarfraz Ahmed Soomro
1
Fozia Aijaz Panhwar
1

  1. Department of Telecommunication Engineering, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science & Technology (QUEST), Nawabshah, Sindh, Pakistan
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Abstrakt

The power distribution internet of things (PD-IoT) has the complex network architecture, various emerging services, and the enormous number of terminal devices, which poses rigid requirements on substrate network infrastructure. However, the traditional PD-IoT has the characteristics of single network function, management and maintenance difficulties, and poor service flexibility, which makes it hard to meet the differentiated quality of service (QoS) requirements of different services. In this paper, we propose the software-defined networking (SDN)- enabled PD-IoT framework to improve network compatibility and flexibility, and investigate the virtual network function (VNF) embedding problem of service orchestration in PD-IoT. To solve the preference conflicts among different VNFs towards the network function node (NFV) and provide differentiated service for services in various priorities, a matching-based priorityaware VNF embedding (MPVE) algorithm is proposed to reduce energy consumption while minimizing the total task processing delay. Simulation results demonstrate that MPVE significantly outperforms existing matching algorithm and random matching algorithm in terms of delay and energy consumption while ensuring the task processing requirements of high-priority services.
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Bibliografia

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Xiaoyue Li
1
Xiankai Chen
1
Chaoqun Zhou
1
Zilong Liang
1
Shubo Liu
1
Qiao Yu
1

  1. State Grid Qingdao Power Supply Company, China
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Abstrakt

The world is heading towards deployment of 5G commercially by the year 2020. But providing broadband 5G connectivity to remote rural regions is a significant challenge. Fiber connectivity has attempted to penetrate rural regions but last mile connectivity is still a problem in many rural sectors due to improper land demarcation and hostile terrain. A scheme which is based on the Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) concept is proposed to provide last mile 5G connectivity to satisfy the broadband needs of rural subscribers. A wireless 5G downlink environment following 3GPP NR specifications with a significantly high throughput is simulated. The last mile link is provided through a 28GHz carrier from a proposed IAB node delivering a data throughput of 4.301 Gbps for singleuser carrier aggregation and 5.733 Gbps for multi-user carrier aggregation which is quite promising for broadband service, like high-speed Internet and streaming video. The results presented in this work are observed to agree favourably with the results of other researchers in the field.
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Bibliografia

[1] 3GPP TR 21.916V0.5.0(2020-07), Summary of Rel-16 Work Items
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[4] Vidhya R and Karthik P, ”Dynamic Carrier Aggregation in 5G network scenario,” 2015 International Conference on Computing and Network Communications (CoCoNet), Trivandrum, 2015, pp. 936-940, https://doi.org/10.1109/CoCoNet.2015.7411303.
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[6] E. Chavarria-Reyes, I. F. Akyildiz and E. Fadel, ”Energy-Efficient Multi-Stream Carrier Aggregation for Heterogeneous Networks in 5G Wireless Systems,” in IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 15, no. 11, pp. 7432-7443, Nov. 2016, https://doi.org/10.1109/TWC.2016.2602336.
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[11] R. M. Rao, V. Marojevic and J. H. Reed, ”Adaptive Pilot Patterns for CA-OFDM Systems in Nonstationary Wireless Channels,” in IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 67, no. 2, pp. 1231-1244, Feb. 2018, https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2017.2751548.
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[17] 3GPP TS 38.211 version 15.3.0 Release 15, 2018-10, Physical channels and modulation.
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[19] 3GPP TR 38.901 v15.0.0, 2018-06, Study on channel model for frequencies from 0.5 to 100 GHz.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Ardhendu Shekhar Biswas
1
Sanjib Sil
2
Rabindranath Bera
3
Monojit Mitra
4

  1. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Techno International New Town, Kolkata - 700156, India
  2. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Calcutta Institute of Engineering and Management, Kolkata -700040, India
  3. Department of Electronics Communication Engineering, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Technology, Sikkim, India
  4. Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, IIEST Shibpur, Howrah, India
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Abstrakt

Atmospheric turbulence is considered as major threat to Free Space Optical (FSO) communication as it causes irradiance and phase fluctuations of the transmitted signal which degrade the performance of FSO system. Wavelength diversity is one of the techniques to mitigate these effects. In this paper, the wavelength diversity technique is applied to FSO system to improve the performance under different turbulence conditions which are modeled using Exponentiated Weibull (EW) channel. In this technique, the data was communicated through 1.55 μm, 1.31 μm, and 0.85 μm carrier wavelengths. Optimal Combining (OC) scheme has been considered to receive the signals at receiver. Mathematical equation for average BER is derived for wavelength diversity based FSO system. Results are obtained for the different link length under different turbulence conditions. The obtained average BER results for different turbulence conditions characterized by EW channel is compared with the published result of average BER for different turbulence which is presented by classical channel model. A comparative BER analysis shows that maximum advantage of wavelength diversity technique is obtained when different turbulence conditions are modeled by EW channel.
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Bibliografia

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Dhaval Shah
1
Hardik Joshi
1
Dilipkumar Kothari
1

  1. Faculty of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Institute of Technology, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, India
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Abstrakt

The Internet of Things has a set of smart objects with smart connectivity that assists in monitoring real world environment during emergency situations. It could monitor the various applications of emergency situations such as road accidents, criminal acts including physical assaults, kidnap cases, and other threats to people’s way of life. In this work, the proposed work is to afford real time services to users in emergency situations through Convolutional Neural Networks in terms of efficiency and reliable services. Finally, the proposed work has simulated with respect to the performance parameters of the proposed scheme like the probability of accuracy and processing time.
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Bibliografia

[1] A P. Pandey, R. Litoriya, “An IoT Assisted System for Generating Emergency Alerts Using Routine Analysis,” Journal of Wireless Personal Communications, vol.11, no.1, pp.1-22, 2020.
[2] S. S. Sabry, N. A. Qarabash, H. S. Obaid, “The Road to the Internet of Things: A Survey,” in Proceedings of 9th Annual Information Technology, Electromechanical Engineering and Microelectronics Conference (IEMECON), IEEE, Jaipur, India, pp. 1-7, 2019.
[3] P. Sethi, S. R. Sarangi, “Internet of Things: Architecture, Protocols, and Applications,” Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, vol. 2017, no. 9324035, pp. 1-25, 2017.
[4] N. Sahli, N. Jabeura, M. Badra, “Agent-based Framework for Sensor-to-Sensor Personalization,” Journal of Computer and System Sciences, vol.81, no.3, pp. 487-495, 2015.
[5] F. Derakhshan, S. Yousefi, “A Review on the Applications of Multiagent Systems in Wireless Sensor Networks,” International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, vol.15, no.5, pp. 1-19, 2019.
[6] S. Albawi, T. A., Mohammed, S. Alzawi, “Understanding of a Convolutional Neural Network,” in Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering and Technology, IEEE, Turkey, pp. 1-17, 2017.
[7] S. Frizzi, R. Kaabi, M, Bouchouicha, J.M., Ginoux, E, Moreau, F. Fnaiech, “Convolutional Neural Network for Video Fire and Smoke Detection,” in Proceedings of 42nd Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, Florence, IEEE, Italy, pp. 877- 881, 2016.
[8] M. Manas, A. Sinha, S. Sharma, Md. R. Mahboob, “A Novel Approach for IoT based Wearable Health Monitoring and Messaging System,” Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing, Vol. 10, pp.2817–2828, 2019.
[9] N. R. Sogi, P. Chatterjee, U. Nethra, V. Suma, “SMARISA: A Raspberry Pi based Smart Ring for Women Safety Using IoT,” in Proceedings of International Conference on Inventive Research in Computing Applications (ICIRCA 2018), IEEE, Coimbatore, India, pp.451- 454, 2018.
[10] A. Jesudoss, Y. Nikhila, T. Sahithi Reddy, “Smart Solution for Women Safety Using IoT,” International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, vol.119, no.12, pp. 43-49, 2018.
[11] K. Sharma, D. D. Londhe, “Human Safety Devices Using IoT and Machine Learning: A Review,” in Proceedings of 3rd International Conference for Convergence in Technology (I2CT), IEEE, Pune, India, pp.1-7, 2018.
[12] R. Darbar, M. Choudhury, V. Mullick, “Ring IoT: A Smart Ring Controlling Things,” in Physical Spaces, 2019. Available from: https://rajkdarbar.github.io/RingIoT.pdf
[13] I. Aljarrah, D. Mohammad, “Video Content Analysis using Convolutional Neural Networks,” in Proceedings of 9th International Conference on Information and Communication Systems (ICICS), IEEE, Jordan, pp. 122-126, 2018.
[14] S. Sharma, S. Sebastian, “IoT based car accident detection and notification algorithm for general road accidents,” International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE), vol. 9, no.5, pp. 4020-4026, 2019.
[15] R. Chauhan, K. K. Ghanshala, R.C. Joshi, “Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for Image Detection and Recognition,” in Proceedings of 2018 First International Conference on Secure Cyber Computing and Communication (ICSCCC), IEEE, Jalandhar, India, pp.1-6, 2018
[16] S. Sharma, V. Chang, U. S. Tim, J. Wong, S. Gadia, “Cloud and IoT –based Emerging Services Systems,” Journal on Cluster Computing, Vol. 22, pp.71-91, 2019.
[17] W. Akram, M. Jain, C. S. Hemalatha, “Design of a Smart Safety Device for Women using IoT,” in Proceedings of International Conference on Recent Trends in Advanced Computing, VIT, Chennai, Elsevier, pp.656-662, 2019.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Lokesh B. Bhajantri
1
Ramesh M. Kagalkar
2
Pundalik Ranjolekar
3

  1. Department of Information Science and Engineering, India
  2. KLE College of Engineering and Technology, Chikodi, Karnataka, India
  3. Department of CSE, KLE Society's Dr. M. S. Sheshgiri College of Engineering and Technology, Karnataka, India
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Abstrakt

Although there are many articulations of SWIPT architecture implementations, the hardware impairment aspect involved in the SWIPT architecture system is not given much attention. This paper evaluates the performance of SWIPT PS Reciever architecture in the presence of IQ imbalance hardware impairment with 16-QAM transmitter and AWGN channel. The parameters SNR, BER is evaluated in the presence of amplitude, phase imbalance, and PS factor at the SWIPT receiver side. Further, the IQ imbalance is estimated and compensated using a blind compensation algorithm. The system achieved a maximum BER of 10−7 in the presence of amplitude and phase imbalance of 0.2 and 1.6 respectively.
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Bibliografia

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Ajin R. Nair
1
S. Kirthiga
1
M. Jayakumar
1

  1. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Amrita School of Engineering, Coimbatore, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, India
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Abstrakt

Due to the multifold growth in demands of multimedia services and mobile data, the request for increased channel capacity in mobile and wireless communication has been quickly increasing. Developing a wireless system with more spectral efficiency under varying channel condition is a key challenge to provide more bit rates with limited spectrum. Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) system with Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) gives higher gain by using the direct and the reflected signals, thus facilitating the transmission at high data rate. An integration of Spatial Modulation (SM) with OFDM (SM OFDM) is a newly evolved transmission technique and has been suggested as a replacement for MIMO -OFDM transmission. In practical scenarios, channel estimation is significant for detecting transmitted data coherently. This paper proposes pilot based, Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) channel estimation for the SM OFDM communication system. We have focused on analyzing Symbol Error Rate (SER) and Mean Square error (MSE) under Rayleigh channel employing International Telecommunication Union (ITU) specified Vehicular model of Pilot based MMSE channel estimator using windowed Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) and MMSE weighting function. Simulation output shows that proposed estimator’s SER performance lies close to that of the MMSE optimal estimator in minimizing aliasing error and suppressing channel noise by using frequency domain data windowing and time domain weighting function. Usage of the Hanning window eliminates error floor and has a compact side lobe level compared to Hamming window and Rectangular window. Hanning window has a larger MSE at low Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) values and decreases with high SNR values. It is concluded that data windowing technique can minimize the side lobe level and accordingly minimize channel estimation error when interpolation is done. MMSE weighting suppresses channel noise and improves estimation performance. Since Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT)/DFT transforms can be implemented with fast algorithms Inverse Fast Fourier Transform( IFFT)/Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) computational complexity can be remarkably reduced.
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Bibliografia

[1] A. Mohammadi, F.M. Ghannouchi, “Single RF front-end MIMO transceivers,” in RF transceiver design for MIMO wireless communications, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 265-288, 2012.
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[3] M. Wen, B. Zheng, K.J. Kim, M. Di Renzo, T.A. Tsiftsis, K.C. Chen, N. Al-Dhahir, “A survey on spatial modulation in emerging wireless systems: Research progresses and applications,” IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 37(9): 1949-72, Jul 17, 2019.
[4] H. Doğan, E. Panayırcı, H.V. Poor, “Low-complexity joint data detection and channel equalisation for highly mobile orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems,” IET communications, 4(8): 1000-11, May 21, 2010.
[5] H. Haas, S. Sinanovic, C.W. Ahn, S. Yun, “Spatial modulation,” IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol, 57(4): 2228-41, Jul 2008.
[6] M. Biguesh, A.B. Gershman, “Training-based MIMO channel estimation: a study of estimator tradeoffs and optimal training signals,” IEEE transactions on signal processing, 54(3):884-93, Feb 21, 2006.
[7] M. Yalcin, A. Akan, H. Doğan, “Low-complexity channel estimation for OFDM systems in high-mobility fading channels,” Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering & Computer Sciences, 25;20(4): 583-92, Apr. 2012.
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[13] Y. Acar, H. Doğan, E. Panayirci, “Pilot symbol aided channel estimation for spatial modulation-OFDM systems and its performance analysis with different types of interpolations,” Wireless Personal Communications, 94(3): 1387-404, Jun 2017.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Anetha Mary Soman
1
R. Nakkeeran
1
Mathew John Shinu
2

  1. Department of Electronics Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, Pondicherry Central University, Pondicherry, India
  2. Department of Computer Science, St.ThomasCollege of Engineering & Technology, Kannur, Kerala, India
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Abstrakt

In this paper, we consider cell-discovery problem in 5G millimeter-wave (mmWave) communication systems using multiple input, multiple output (MIMO) beam-forming technique. Specifically, we aim at the proper beam selection method using context-awareness of the user-equipment to reduce latency in beam/cell identification. Due to high path-loss in mmWave systems, beam-forming technique is extensively used to increase Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR). When seeking to increase user discovery distance, narrow beam must be formed. Thus, a number of possible beam orientations and consequently time needed for the discovery increases significantly when random scanning approach is used. The idea presented here is to reduce latency by employing artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning (ML) algorithms to guess the best beam orientation using context information from the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), lidars and cameras, and use the knowledge to swiftly initiate communication with the base station. To this end, here, we propose a simple neural network to predict beam orientation from GNSS and lidar data. Results show that using only GNSS data one can get acceptable performance for practical applications. This finding can be useful for user devices with limited processing power.
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Bibliografia

[1] J. G. Andrews, S. Buzzi, W. Choi, S. V. Hanly, A. Lozano, A. C. K. Soong, and J. C. Zhang, ”What will 5G be?”, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 32 (6), 1065–1082, 2014.
[2] J. Liu, J. Wan, D. Jia, B. Zeng, D. Li, C. Hsu, and H. Chen, ”Highefficiency urban traffic management in context-aware computing and 5g communication”, IEEE Communications Magazine 55(1), 34–40, 2017.
[3] X. Cheng, L. Fang, L. Yang, and S. Cui, ”Mobile big data: The fuel for data-driven wireless”, IEEE Internet of Things Journal 4(5), 1489–1516, 2017.
[4] K. Zheng, Z. Yang, K. Zhang, P. Chatzimisios, K. Yang, and W. Xiang, ”Big data-driven optimization for mobile networks toward 5G”, IEEE Network 30, 44–51, 201).
[5] C. Jiang, H. Zhang, Y. Ren, Z. Han, K.-C. Chen, and L. Hanzo, ”Machine learning paradigms for next-generation wireless networks”, IEEE Wireless Communications 24, 98–105, 2017.
[6] W. B. Abbas and M. Zorzi, ”Context information based initial cell search for millimeter wave 5G cellular networks”, 2016 European Conference on Networks and Communications (EuCNC), pp. 111–116, 2016.
[7] I. Filippini, V. Sciancalepore, F. Devoti, and A. Capone, ”Fast Cell Discovery in mm-Wave 5G Networks with Context Information”, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 17(7), 1538–1552, 2018.
[8] E. Ali, M. Ismail, R. Nordin, and N. F. Abdulah, ”Beamforming techniques for massive MIMO systems in 5G: overview, classification, and trends for future research”, Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 18(6), 753–772, 2017.
[9] A. Habbal, S. I. Goudar, and S. Hassan, ”A Context-aware Radio Access Technology selection mechanism in 5G mobile network for smart city applications”, Journal of Network and Computer Applications 135, 97– 107, ISSN 1084-8045, 2019.
[10] C.-L. Hwang and K. Yoon, ”Multiple Attribute Decision Making, Methods and Applications A State-of-the-Art Survey”, ISBN 978-3-642- 48318-9, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1981.
[11] A. Klautau, P. Batista, N. Gonzalez-Prelcic, Y. Wang and R. W. Heath, ”5G MIMO Data for Machine Learning: Application to Beam-Selection using Deep Learning” in 2018 Information Theory and Applications Workshop (ITA), 2018.
[12] NR Physical Layer Procedures for Control, Standard 3GPP, TS 38.213 V16.5.0, 2021. [13] I. Aykin and M. Krunz, ”Efficient beam sweeping algorithms and initial access protocols for millimeter-wave networks”, IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., 19(4), 2504–2514 2020.
[14] S. Tomasin, C. Mazzucco, D. De Donno and F. Cappellaro, ”Beam- Sweeping Design Based on Nearest Users Position and Beam in 5G mmWave Networks”, IEEE Access 8, 124402–124413, 2020.
[15] T. S. Rappaport, G. R. MacCartney, S. Sun, H. Yan, and S. Deng, ”Smallscale, local area, and transitional millimeter wave propagation for 5G communications”, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 65(12), 6474–6490, 2017.
[16] J. Gante, G. Falciao, and L. Sousa, ”Data-aided fast beamforming selection for 5G”, in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Acoust., Speech Signal Process. (ICASSP), pp. 1183–1187, Apr. 2018.
[17] V. Va, J. Choi, T. Shimizu, G. Bansal, and R. W. Heath, Jr., ”Inverse multipath fingerprinting for millimeter wave V2I beam alignment”, IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. 67(5), 4042–4058, 2018.
[18] V. Va, T. Shimizu, G. Bansal, and R. W. Heath, ”Online learning for position-aided millimeter wave beam training”, IEEE Access 7, 30507– 30526, 2019.
[19] A. Klautau, N. Gonz´alez-Prelcic, and R. W. Heath, ”LIDAR data for deep learning-based mmWave beam-selection”, IEEE Wireless Commun. Lett., 8(3), 909–912, 2019.
[20] A. Alkhateeb, S. Alex, P. Varkey, Y. Li, Q. Qu, and D. Tujkovic, ”Deep learning coordinated beamforming for highly-mobile millimeter wave systems”, IEEE Access 6, 37328–37348, 2018.
[21] C. Anton-Haro and X. Mestre, ”Learning and data-driven beam selection for mmWave communications: An angle of arrival-based approach”, IEEE Access 7, 20404–20415, 2019.
[22] M. S. Sim, Y. Lim, S. H. Park, L. Dai and C. Chae, ”Deep Learning- Based mmWave Beam Selection for 5G NR/6G With Sub-6 GHz Channel Information: Algorithms and Prototype Validation”, IEEE Access 8, 51634–51646, 2020.
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[25] S. De and S. Smith, ”Batch normalization biases residual blocks towards the identity function in deep networks”, Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 33, 2020.
[26] L. N. Smith, ”A disciplined approach to neural network hyperparameters: Part 1 – learning rate, batch size, momentum, and weight decay”, arXiv:1803.09820 [cs.LG], 2018.
[27] A. Klautau, N. Gonz´alez-Prelcic and R. W. Heath, ”LIDAR Data for Deep Learning-Based mmWave Beam-Selection”, IEEE Wireless Communications Letters, 8(3), 909–912, 2019.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Julius Ruseckas
1
Gediminas Molis
1
Hanna Bogucka
2

  1. Baltic Institute of Advanced Technology, Vilnius, Lithuania
  2. Institute of Radiocommunications, Poznan University of Technology, Poznan, Poland
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Abstrakt

This article is a presentation of the analysis of new class of logarithmic analog-to-digital converter (LADC) with accumulation of charge and impulse feedback. LADC construction, principle of operation and dynamic properties were presented. They can also be part of more complex converters and systems based on LADC. LADC of this class is perspective for implementation in the form of integrated circuit, as the number of switched capacitors needed to conversion is minimized to one capacitor. (Logarithmic ADC with accumulation of charge and impulse feedback – construction, principle of operation and dynamic properties)
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Bibliografia

[1] S. Purighalla, B. Maundy, “84-dB Range Logarithmic Digital-to-Analog Converter in CMOS 0.18-μm Technology”, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, 58 (2011), no.5, pp. 279-283
[2] J. Lee, J. Kang, S. Park, J. Seo, J. Anders, J. Guilherme, M. P. Flynn, “A 2.5 mW 80 dB DR 36 dB SNDR 22 MS/s Logarithmic Pipeline ADC,” IEEE Journal Of Solid-State Circuits, 44 (2009), no.10, pp. 2755-2765
[3] B. Maundy, D. Westwick, S. Gift, “On a class of pseudo-logarithmic amplifiers suitable for use with digitally switched resistors,” Int. J. of Circuit Theory and Applications, vol. 36 (2008), no.1, pp. 81–108
[4] B. Maundy, D. Westwick, S. Gift, (2007) “A useful pseudo-logarithmic circuit,” Microelectronics International, Vol. 24 Iss: 2, pp.35 - 45
[5] M. Alirieza, L. Jing and J. Dileepan, “Digital Pixel Sensor Array with Logarithmic Delta-Sigma Architecture,” Sensors, 13(8), pp. 10765- 10782, August 2013
[6] J. Guilherme, J. Vital, Jose Franca, “A True Logarithmic Analog-to- Digital Pipeline Convener with 1.5bitistage and Digital Correction,” Proc. IEEE International Conference on Electronics Circuits and Systems, pp. 393-396, Malta 2001
[7] G. Bucci, M. Faccio, C. Landi, “The performance test of a piece-linear A/D converter,” IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference, St. Paul USA May 1998, pp.1223.1228
[8] J. Guilherme, J. Vital, J. Franca, “A CMOS Logarithmic Pipeline A/D Converter with a Dynamic Range of 80 dB,” IEEE Electronics, Circuits and Systems, 2002. 9th International Conference on, (2002), no.3/02, pp. 193-196
[9] J. Sit and R. Sarpeshkar, “A Micropower Logarithmic A/D With Offset and Temperature Compensation,” IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, 39 (2004), nr. 2, pp. 308-319
[10] J. Mahattanakul, “Logarithmic data converter suitable for hearing aid applications,” Electronic Letters, 41 (2005), no.7, pp. 31-32
[11] S. Sirimasakul, A. Thanachayanont, W. Jeamsaksiri, “Low-Power Current-Mode Logarithmic Pipeline Analog-to-Digital Converter for ISFET based pH Sensor,” IEEE ISCIT, 2009, no.6/09, pp. 1340-1343
[12] M. Santosa, N. Hortaa, J. Guilherme, “A survey on nonlinear analog-todigital converters,” Integration, the VLSI Journal, Volume 47, Issue 1, pp. 12–22, January 2014
[13] Z.R. Mychuda, “Logarithmic Analog-To-Digital Converters – ADC of the Future,” Prostir, Lviv, Ukraine 2002, pp. 242
[14] A. Szcześniak, Z Myczuda, “A method of charge accumulation in the logarithmic analog-to-digital converter with a successive approximation,” Electrical Review, 86 (2010), no.10, pp. 336-340
[15] A. Szcześniak, U. Antoniw, Ł. Myczuda, Z. Myczuda, „Logarytmiczne przetworniki analogowo-cyfrowe z nagromadzeniem ładunku i impulsowym sprzężeniem zwrotnym,” Electrical Review, R. 89 no. 8/2013, pp. 277 – 281
[16] A. Szcześniak, Z. Myczuda, „Analiza prądów upływu logarytmicznego przetwornika analogowo-cyfrowego z sukcesywną aproksymacją,” Electrical Review, 88 (2012), no. 5а, pp. 247-250
[17] J.H. Moon, D. Y. Kim, M. K. Song, Patent No. KR20110064514A, “Logarithmic Single-Slope Analog Digital Convertor, Image Sensor Device And Thermometer Using The Same, And Method For Logarithmic Single-Slope Analog Digital Converting,”
[18] J. Gorisse, F. A. Cathelin, A. Kaiser, E. Kerherve Patent No. EP2360838A1, “Method for logarithmic analog-to-digital conversion of an analog input signal and corresponding apparatus,”
[19] R. Offen Patent No. DE102008007207A1 “Logarithmierender Analog- Digital Wandler,”
[20] H. Suzunaga Patent No. US20080054163A1, “Logarithmic-compression analog-digital conversion circuit and semiconductor photosensor device,”
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Zynoviy Mychuda
1
Lesya Mychuda
1
Uliana Antoniv
1
Adam Szcześniak
2

  1. Lviv Polytechnic National University, Department of the Computer-Assisted Systems of Automation, Ukraine
  2. University of Technology in Kielce, Department of Mechatronics and Machine Building, Poland
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Abstrakt

This article is a presentation of the analysis of new class of logarithmic analog-to-digital converter (LADC) with accumulation of charge and impulse feedback. Development of mathematical models of errors, quantitative assessment of these errors taking into account modern components and assessing the accuracy of logarithmic analog-to-digital converter (LADC) with accumulation of charge and impulse feedback were presented. (Logarithmic ADC with accumulation of charge and impulse feedback – analysis and modeling).
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Bibliografia

[1] S. Purighalla, B. Maundy, “84-dB Range Logarithmic Digital-to-Analog Converter in CMOS 0.18-μm Technology,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, 58 (2011), no.5, pp. 279-283
[2] J. Lee, J. Kang, S. Park, J. Seo, J. Anders, J. Guilherme, M. P. Flynn, “A 2.5 mW 80 dB DR 36 dB SNDR 22 MS/s Logarithmic Pipeline ADC,” IEEE Journal Of Solid-State Circuits, 44 (2009), no.10, pp. 2755-2765
[3] B. Maundy, D. Westwick, S. Gift, “On a class of pseudo-logarithmic amplifiers suitable for use with digitally switched resistors,” Int. J. of Circuit Theory and Applications, vol. 36 (2008), no.1, pp. 81–108
[4] B. Maundy, D. Westwick, S. Gift, (2007) “A useful pseudo-logarithmic circuit,” Microelectronics International, Vol. 24 Iss: 2, pp.35 - 45
[5] M. Alirieza, L. Jing and J. Dileepan, “Digital Pixel Sensor Array with Logarithmic Delta-Sigma Architecture,” Sensors, 13(8), pp. 10765-10782, August 2013
[6] J. Guilherme, J. Vital, Jose Franca, “A True Logarithmic Analog-to-Digital Pipeline Convener with 1.5bitistage and Digital Correction,” Proc. IEEE International Conference on Electronics Circuits and Systems, pp. 393-396, Malta 2001
[7] G. Bucci, M. Faccio, C. Landi, “The performance test of a piece-linear A/D converter,” IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference, St. Paul USA May 1998, pp.1223.1228
[8] J. Guilherme, J. Vital, J. Franca, “A CMOS Logarithmic Pipeline A/D Converter with a Dynamic Range of 80 dB,” IEEE Electronics, Circuits and Systems, 2002. 9th International Conference on, (2002), no.3/02, pp. 193-196
[9] J. Sit and R. Sarpeshkar, “A Micropower Logarithmic A/D With Offset and Temperature Compensation,” IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, 39 (2004), nr. 2, pp. 308-319
[10] J. Mahattanakul, “Logarithmic data converter suitable for hearing aid applications,” Electronic Letters, 41 (2005), no.7, pp. 31-32
[11] S. Sirimasakul, A. Thanachayanont, W. Jeamsaksiri, “Low-Power Current-Mode Logarithmic Pipeline Analog-to-Digital Converter for ISFET based pH Sensor,” IEEE ISCIT, 2009, no.6/09, pp. 1340-1343
[12] M. Santosa, N. Hortaa, J. Guilherme, “A survey on nonlinear analog-to-digital converters,” Integration, the VLSI Journal, Volume 47, Issue 1, pp. 12–22, January 2014
[13] Z.R. Mychuda, “Logarithmic Analog-To-Digital Converters – ADC of the Future,” Prostir, Lviv, Ukraine 2002, pp. 242
[14] A. Szcześniak, Z Myczuda, “A method of charge accumulation in the logarithmic analog-to-digital converter with a successive approximation,” Electrical Review, 86 (2010), no.10, pp. 336-340
[15] A. Szcześniak, U. Antoniw, Ł. Myczuda, Z. Myczuda, „Logarytmiczne przetworniki analogowo-cyfrowe z nagromadzeniem ładunku i impulsowym sprzężeniem zwrotnym,” Electrical Review, R. 89 no. 8/2013, pp. 277 – 281
[16] A. Szcześniak, Z. Myczuda, „Analiza prądów upływu logarytmicznego przetwornika analogowo-cyfrowego z sukcesywną aproksymacją,” Electrical Review, 88 (2012), no. 5а, pp. 247-250
[17] J.H. Moon, D. Y. Kim, M. K. Song, Patent No. KR20110064514A, “Logarithmic Single-Slope Analog Digital Convertor, Image Sensor Device And Thermometer Using The Same, And Method For Logarithmic Single-Slope Analog Digital Converting,”
[18] J. Gorisse, F. A. Cathelin, A. Kaiser, E. Kerherve Patent No. EP2360838A1, “Method for logarithmic analog-to-digital conversion of an analog input signal and corresponding apparatus,”
[19] R. Offen Patent No. DE102008007207A1 “Logarithmierender Analog-Digital Wandler,”
[20] H. Suzunaga Patent No. US20080054163A1, “Logarithmic-compression analog-digital conversion circuit and semiconductor photosensor device,”
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Zynoviy Mychuda
1
Lesya Mychuda
1
Uliana Antoniv
1
Adam Szcześniak
2

  1. Lviv Polytechnic National University, Department of the Computer-Assisted Systems of Automation, Ukraine
  2. University of Technology in Kielce, Department of Mechatronics and Machine Building, Poland
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Abstrakt

A principle diagram of a high-voltage low-power power supply for devices comprising a microchannel plate (MCP) has been developed. A mathematical model was built according to the developed scheme for a detailed study of the operation of the power supply and the selection of the optimal parameters of its components and obtaining the best output voltages. The power supply circuit comprises a control circuit, a pulse transformer, a voltage multiplier circuit, a feedback circuit, and an input stabilizer. The input stabilizer provides the maintenance of the voltage switched in the primary winding of the transformer at a given level regardless of the voltage drop of the power supply primary source. Moreover the stabilizer provides constant voltage maintenance when the load resistance changes. (with Rload changing from 100 to 200 MΩ, Uout did not exceed 3 V).
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Bibliografia

[1]. Rosanna Rispoli, Elisabetta De Angelis, Luca Colasanti, Nello Vertolli, Stefano Orsini «ELENA microchannel plate detector: absolute detection efficiency for low energy neutral atoms», Optical Engineering, 2013.
[2]. O. Chassela A. Grigoreiv A. Fedorov N. André, «Resistance and gain of the microchannel plate (MCP) detector as a function of temperature», International Conference on Space Optics—ICSO, 2018.
[3]. J Upadhyay, H. R. Bundel, R. Chandra, J. A. Chakera, C.P. Navathe and P.D. Gupta, «A simple power supply and control unit for pulsed operation of a microchannel plate imaging detector», 1998.
[4]. Zhi Qiang, Yang Ye, Yan Bo, Li Jun-guo, Ni Xiao-bing, Wang Yu, Yao Ze, «The Cathode Control Circuit Design of Auto-Gating Power Supply for Low-Light-Level Image Intensifier», Science and Technology on Low-Light-Level Night Vision Laboratory, Xi’an, China, 2015.
[5]. Chengquan Peia, Jinshou Tianb, Zhen Liua, Hong Qinc, Shengli Wua, «A novel ZVS high voltage power supply for micro-channel plate photomultiplier tubes», 2017.
[6]. Cristian H. Belussi, Mariano Gómez Berisso, Yanina Fasano, «Low-noise High-voltage DC Power Supply for Nanopositioning Applications», 2014.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Boris Martemianov
1
Alexander Ryzhkov
1
Grigoriy Vdovin
1

  1. Limited Liability Company Vladikavkaz Technological Center "BASPIK", North Osetia
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Abstrakt

In this paper we construct and consider a new group-based digital signature scheme with evolving secret key, which is built using a bilinear map. This map is an asymmetric pairing of Type 3, and although, for the reason of this paper, it is treated in a completely abstract fashion it ought to be viewed as being actually defined over E(Fqn)[p] × E(Fqnk )[p] → Fqnk [p]. The crucial element of the scheme is the key updater algorithm. With the adoption of pairings and binary trees where a number of leaves is the same as a number of time periods, we are assured that an updated secret key can not be used to recover any of its predecessors. This, in consequence, means that the scheme is forward-secure. To formally justify this assertion, we conduct analysis in fu-cma security model by reducing the security of the scheme to the computational hardness of solving the Weak ℓ-th Bilinear Diffie-Hellman Inversion problem type. We define this problem and explain why it can be treated as a source of security for cryptographic schemes. As for the reduction itself, in general case, it could be possible to make only in the random oracle model.
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Bibliografia

[1] A. Anderson, Invited lecture, in Fourth Annual Conference on Computer and Communications Security, ACM, Am Psychiatric Assoc, 1997.
[2] M. Bellare and S. K. Miner, ”A Forward-Secure Digital Signature Scheme”, in Advances in Cryptology - CRYPTO ’99, 19th Annual International Cryptology Conference, 1999, pp. 431–449, doi: 10.1007/3-540-48405-128.
[3] D. Boneh and X. Boyen, ”Efficient Selective-ID Secure Identity-Based Encryption Without Random Oracles”, in Advances in Cryptology - EUROCRYPT 2004, C. Cachin and J.L. Camenisch, Eds. 2004, pp. 223- 238.
[4] D. Boneh, X. Boyen and E.-J. Goh, ”Hierarchical Identity Based Encryption with Constant Size Ciphertext”, Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2005/015. [Online]. Available: https://eprint.iacr.org/2005/015.pdf.
[5] X. Boyen, H. Shacham, E. Shen and B. Waters, ”Forward Secure Signatures with Untrusted Update”, in Proceedings of CCS 2006, W. Rebecca Ed. 2006, pp. 191–200.
[6] J. Buchmann, E. Dahmen and A. H¨ulsing, ”XMSS - A Practical Forward Secure Signature Scheme Based on Minimal Security Assumptions”, in Post-Quantum Cryptography, B.-Y. Yang, Ed. 2011, pp. 117–129.
[7] J. Camenisch and M. Koprowski, ”Fine-grained Forward-secure Signature Schemes without Random Oracles”, Discrete Applied Mathematics, vol. 154, no. 2, pp. 175–188, Feb. 2006, doi: 10.1016/j.dam.2005.03.028.
[8] R. Canetti, S. Halevi, J. Katz, ”A Forward-Secure Public-Key Encryption Scheme”, in Advances in Cryptology - EUROCRYPT 2003, E. Biham, Ed. 2003, pp. 255–271.
[9] Y. Cui, E. Fujisaki, G. Hanaoka, H. Imai and R. Zhang, ”Formal Security Treatments for Signatures from Identity-Based Encryption”, in Provable Security, W. Susilo, J. K. Liu, Y. Mu, Eds. 2007, pp. 218–227.
[10] A. Fiat and A. Shamir, ”How to Prove Yourself: Practical Solutions to Identification and Signature Problems”, in Conference on the theory and application of cryptographic techniques, 1986, pp. 186–194.
[11] S. D. Galbraith, K. G. Paterson and N. P. Smart, ”Pairings for Cryptographers”, Discrete Applied Mathematics, vol. 156, no. 16, pp. 3113 - 3121, Sep. 2008, doi: 10.1016/j.dam.2007.12.010.
[12] S. Goldwasser S. Micali and R. L. Rivest, ”A Digital Signature Scheme Secure Against Adaptive Chosen-Message Attacks”, SIAM Journal on Computing, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 281–308, 1988, doi: 10.1137/0217017.
[13] S. Hohenberger and B.Waters, ”New Methods and Abstractions for RSA-Based Forward Secure Signatures”, in International Conference on Applied Cryptography and Network Security, M. Conti, J. Zhou, E. Casalicchio and Angelo Spognardi, Eds. 2020, pp. 292–312.
[14] G. Itkis, and L. Reyzin, ”Forward-secure Signatures with Optimal Signing and Verifying”, in Advances in Cryptology - CRYPTO ’01, 21st Annual International Cryptology Conference, J. Kilian, Ed. 2001, pp. 332–354.
[15] M. Jurkiewicz, ”Improving Security of Existentially Unforgeable Signature Schemes”, International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications, vol. 66, no. 3, pp. 473–480, 2020, doi: 10.24425/ijet.2020.131901.
[16] H. Krawczyk, ”Simple Forward-secure Signatures from any Signature Scheme”, in Proceedings of the 7th ACM conference on Computer and Communications Security, P. Samarati, Ed. 2000, pp. 108–115, doi: 10.1145/352600.352617.
[17] S. Mitsunari, R. Sakai and M. Kasahara, ”A new traitor tracing”, IEICE transactions on fundamentals of electronics, communications and computer sciences, vol. 85, no. 2, pp. 481–484, Feb. 2002.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Mariusz Jurkiewicz
1

  1. Faculty of Cybernetics, Military University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
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Abstrakt

This paper discusses the identification of garbage using the YOLO algorithm. In the rivers, it is usually difficult to distinguish between garbage and plants, especially when it is done in real-time and at the time of too much light. Therefore, there is a need of an appropriate method. The HSV and SIFT methods were used as preliminary tests. The tests were quite successful even in close condition, however, there were still many problems faced in using this method since it is only based on pixel and shape readings. Meanwhile, YOLO algorithm was able to identify garbage and water hyacinth even though they were closed to each other.
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Bibliografia

[1] J. Gasperi, R. Dris, T. Bonin, V. Rocher, and B. Tassin. “Assessment of floating plastic debris in surface water along the Seine River,” Environ. Pollut, 2014;195, p. 163–166.
[2] C. Su, W. Dongxing, L. Tiansong, R. Weichong, and Z. Yachao. “An autonomous ship for cleaning the garbage floating on a lake,” In: 2009 Second International Conference on Intelligent Computation Technology and Automation, 2009, vol. 3, p. 471–474.
[3] A. S. A. Kader, M. K. M. Saleh, M. R. Jalal, O. O. Sulaiman, and W. N. W. Shamsuri. “Design of Rubbish Collecting System for Inland Waterways,” J. Transp. Syst. Eng, 2015; 2, no. 2, p. 1–13.
[4] Y. Liu, K.-C. Fung, W. Ding, H. Guo, T. Qu, and C. Xiao. “Novel Smart Waste Sorting System based on Image Processing Algorithms: SURF-BoW and Multi-class SVM. Comput,” Inf. Sci. 2018; 11, no. 3, p. 35.
[5] B. M. Chinnathurai, R. Sivakumar, S. Sadagopan, and J. M. Conrad. “Design and implementation of a semi-autonomous waste segregation robot,” in SoutheastCon 2016. p. 1–6.
[6] A. Torres-García, O. Rodea-Aragón, O. Longoria-Gandara, F. Sánchez-García, and L. E. González-Jiménez. “Intelligent waste separator,” Comput. y Sist. 2015; 19, no. 3. p. 487–500.
[7] T. P. Deepa and S. Roka, “Estimation of garbage coverage area in water terrain,” in 2017, International Conference On Smart Technologies For Smart Nation (SmartTechCon), 2017. p. 347–352.
[8] A. Krizhevsky, I. Sutskever, and G. E. Hinton. “Imagenet classification with deep convolutional neural networks,” in Advances in neural information processing systems. 2012, p. 1097–1105.
[9] R. Girshick, J. Donahue, T. Darrell, and J. Malik, „Rich feature hierarchies for accurate object detection and semantic segmentation,” in Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition. 2014, p. 580–587.
[10] R. Girshick. “Fast r-cnn,” in Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on computer vision. 2015, p. 1440–1448.
[11] S. Ren, K. He, R. Girshick, and J. Sun. “Faster r-cnn: Towards real-time object detection with region proposal networks,” in Advances in neural information processing systems. 2015, p. 91–99.
[12] J. Redmon, S. Divvala, R. Girshick, and A. Farhadi. “You only look once: Unified, real-time object detection,” in Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. 2016, p. 779–788.
[13] G. Mittal, K. B. Yagnik, M. Garg, and N. C. Krishnan. “Spotgarbage: smartphone app to detect garbage using deep learning,” in Proceedings of the 2016 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing. 2016, p. 940–945.
[14] M. S. Rad et al. “A computer vision system to localize and classify wastes on the streets,” in International Conference on Computer Vision Systems. 2017, p. 195–204.
[15] J. Redmon and A. Farhadi.”YOLO9000: better, faster, stronger,” in Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. 2017, p. 7263–7271.
[16] D. Mu, Y. Zhao, G. Wang, Y. Fan, and Y. Bai. “USV model identification and course control,” in 2016 Sixth International Conference on Information Science and Technology (ICIST). 2016, p. 263–267.
[17] Q. Zhu. “Design of control system of USV based on double propellers,” in IEEE Reg. 10 Annu. Int. Conf. Proceedings/TENCON. 2013.
[18] R. Yan, S. Pang, H. Sun, and Y. Pang. “Development and missions of unmanned surface vehicle,” J. Mar. Sci. Appl. 2010; 9, no. 4, p. 451–457.
[19] P. H. Heins, B. L. Jones, and D. J. Taunton. “Design and validation of an unmanned surface vehicle simulation model,” Appl. Math. Model. 2017; 48, p. 749–774.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Bhakti Yudho Suprapto
1
Kelvin
1
Muhammad Arief Kurniawan
1
Muhammad Kevin Ardela
1
Hera Hikmarika
1
Zainal Husin
1
Suci Dwijayanti
1

  1. Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sriwijaya, Indonesia
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Abstrakt

Safety and security have been a prime priority in people’s lives, and having a surveillance system at home keeps people and their property more secured. In this paper, an audio surveillance system has been proposed that does both the detection and localization of the audio or sound events. The combined task of detecting and localizing the audio events is known as Sound Event Localization and Detection (SELD). The SELD in this work is executed through Convolutional Recurrent Neural Network (CRNN) architecture. CRNN is a stacked layer of convolutional neural network (CNN), recurrent neural network (RNN) and fully connected neural network (FNN). The CRNN takes multichannel audio as input, extracts features and does the detection and localization of the input audio events in parallel. The SELD results obtained by CRNN with the gated recurrent unit (GRU) and with long short-term memory (LSTM) unit are compared and discussed in this paper. The SELD results of CRNN with LSTM unit gives 75% F1 score and 82.8% frame recall for one overlapping sound. Therefore, the proposed audio surveillance system that uses LSTM unit produces better detection and overall performance for one overlapping sound.
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Bibliografia

[1] UNODC: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crimes, “Burglary | Statistics and data,” 2017. https://dataunodc.un.org/crime/burglary. [2] K. Lashmi and A. S. Pillai, “Ambient Intelligence and IoT Based Decision Support System for Intruder Detection,” 2019 IEEE International Conference on Electrical, Computer and Communication Technologies (ICECCT), Coimbatore, India, 2019, pp. 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICECCT.2019.8869327 [3] Dr. P. Prakash, R. Suresh and P.N. Kumar Dhinesh, “Smart City Video Surveillance using Fog Computing,” in International Journal of Enterprise Network Management, vol. 10, no. 3/4, pp.389 – 399, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJENM.2019.103165 [4] Caught on camera, “Different Types of CCTV-CCTV Camera Types and Uses,” 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.caughtoncamera.net/news/different-types-of-cctv/ . [5] S. Ntalampiras, “Audio Surveillance,” 2012. [pdf]. Available: https://www.itpress.com/Secure/elibrary/papers/9781845645625/9781845645625012FU1.pdf [6] P. Foggia, N. Petkov, A. Saggese, N. Strisciuglio and M. Vento, “Audio Surveillance of Roads: A System for Detecting Anomalous Sounds,” in IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 279-288, Jan. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1109/TITS.2015.2470216 [7] S. Ntalampiras, I. Potamitis and N. Fakotakis, “Probabilistic Novelty Detection for Acoustic Surveillance Under Real-World Conditions,” in IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 713-719, Aug. 2011. https://doi.org/10.1109/TMM.2011.2122247 [8] A. Mesaros et al., “Detection and Classification of Acoustic Scenes and Events: Outcome of the DCASE 2016 Challenge,” in IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 379-393, Feb. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1109/TASLP.2017.2778423 [9] E. Çakır, G. Parascandolo, T. Heittola, H. Huttunen and T. Virtanen, “Convolutional Recurrent Neural Networks for Polyphonic Sound Event Detection,” in IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing, vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 1291-1303, June 2017. https://doi.org/10.1109/TASLP.2017.2690575 [10] S. Adavanne, P. Pertilä and T. Virtanen, “Sound event detection using spatial features and convolutional recurrent neural network,” 2017 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), New Orleans, LA, 2017, pp. 771-775. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICASSP.2017.7952260 [11] P. Zinemanas, P. Cancela and M. Rocamora, “End-to-end Convolutional Neural Networks for Sound Event Detection in Urban Environments,” 2019 24th Conference of Open Innovations Association (FRUCT), Moscow, Russia, 2019, pp. 533-539. https://doi.org/10.23919/FRUCT.2019.8711906 [12] G. Parascandolo, H. Huttunen and T. Virtanen, “Recurrent neural networks for polyphonic sound event detection in real-life recordings,” 2016 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), Shanghai, 2016, pp. 6440-6444. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICASSP.2016.7472917 [13] L. Birnie, T. D. Abhayapala, H. Chen and P. N. Samarasinghe, “Sound Source Localization in a Reverberant Room Using Harmonic Based Music,” ICASSP 2019 - 2019 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), Brighton, United Kingdom, 2019, pp. 651-655. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICASSP.2019.8683098 [14] L. O. Nunes et al., “A Steered-Response Power Algorithm Employing Hierarchical Search for Acoustic Source Localization Using Microphone Arrays,” in IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 62, no. 19, pp. 5171-5183, Oct.1, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSP.2014.2336636 [15] M. W. Hansen, J. R. Jensen and M. G. Christensen, “Pitch and TDOA-based localization of acoustic sources with distributed arrays,” 2015 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), Brisbane, QLD, 2015, pp. 2664-2668. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICASSP.2015.7178454 [16] J. Pak and J. W. Shin, “Sound Localization Based on Phase Difference Enhancement Using Deep Neural Networks,” in IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing, vol. 27, no. 8, pp. 1335-1345, Aug. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1109/TASLP.2019.2919378 [17] S. Adavanne, A. Politis and T. Virtanen, “Direction of Arrival Estimation for Multiple Sound Sources Using Convolutional Recurrent Neural Network,” 2018 26th European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO), Rome, 2018, pp. 1462-1466, https://doi.org/10.23919/EUSIPCO.2018.8553182
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

V. S. Suruthhi
1
V. Smita
1
Rolant Gini J.
1
K.I. Ramachandran
2

  1. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Amrita School of Engineering, Coimbatore, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, India
  2. Centre for Computational Engineering &Networking (CEN), Amrita School of Engineering, Coimbatore, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, India
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Abstrakt

The paper presents the results of research and analysis of voice data transmission quality in IP packet networks. It analyses mechanisms allowing for the assessment of packet telephony data transmission quality. Possible transmission quality levels and adequate quality metrics, applicable in the recommendations of standardisation organisations, as well as suggested limit values conditioning acceptable voice data transmission quality were indicated and discussed. A packet network model was designed and tested, taking into account VoIP architecture supporting various audio codecs used for voice compression. Transmission mechanisms based on audio codecs G.711, G.723, G.726, G.728 and G.729 were investigated. It was shown that for delay-sensitive traffic which fluctuates beyond its nominal rate, selected codecs have an advantage over others and allow for better transmission quality of VoIP traffic with guaranteed bandwidth and delay.
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Bibliografia

[1] S. K. Puspita FM and S. Z. Taib BM, “Improved models of internet charging scheme of single bottleneck link in multi qos networks,” 2013. [Online]. Available: http://ddms.usim.edu.my:80/jspui/handle/123456789/15429
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[3] D. Strzęciwilk, K. Ptaszek, P. Hoser, and I. Antoniku, “A research on the impact of encryption algorithms on the quality of vpn tunnels’ transmission,” in ITM Web of Conferences, vol. 21. EDP Sciences, 2018, p. 00011. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/ 20182100011
[4] H. J. Kim and S. G. Choi, “A study on a qos/qoe correlation model for qoe evaluation on iptv service,” in 2010 The 12th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology (ICACT), vol. 2. IEEE, 2010, pp. 1377–1382.
[5] D. Strzęciwilk, “Examination of transmission quality in the ip multiprotocol label switching corporate networks,” International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications, vol. 58, pp. 267–272, 2012. [Online]. Available: http://doi.org/10.2478/v10177-012-0037-z
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[15] F. Baker, J. Polk, and M. Dolly, “A differentiated services code point (dscp) for capacity-admitted traffic,” Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), 2010.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Dariusz Strzęciwilk
1

  1. Institute of Information Technology, University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland

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