Life Sciences and Agriculture

Teka Commission of Motorization and Power Industry in Agriculture

Content

Teka Commission of Motorization and Power Industry in Agriculture | 2016 | vol. 16 | No 3

Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The results of bearing capacity, deformability and fracture toughness of reinforced concrete beams with the external reinforcement in the form of steel cut and stretchy sheet, obtained due to the conducting of the experiment and mathematical simulation which were made of concrete of C40/50 class are given in the article. Mathematical simulation of beam structures is done on the basis of the deformation model which allows to conduct calculations of the unified methodological positions of different elements with diverse configuration of cross section and reinforcement as well as take into consideration elastic and plastic properties of concrete and reinforcement, assessing the actual stress-strain state of sections of reinforced concrete elements at different loading levels, including ultimate one. The deformation model is based on the actual diagrams use of concrete and reinforcement materials deformation and conditions of efforts balance in the normal section and hypothesis of flat sections. The theoretical value of bearing capacity and deformability, obtained as a result of the mathematical simulation was compared to the experimental data. The satisfactory coincidence of the mathematical calculation of bearing capacity, deformability, fracture toughness and experimental data gives an opportunity to use the algorithm not only for beam structures with bar reinforcement but also for beam structures with the external reinforcement in the form of steel cut and stretchy sheet.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Sofiya Burchenya
Shmyh Roman
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The article covers the systematic basis for the creation of new technological processes of corn harvesting machines. Modern corn-harvesting machines have reached certain thresholds according to their technological properties that most significantly affect the final production and economic indicators of planting corn for grain efficiency, still they do not meet modern requirements. The technological properties mentioned above are hardly adjusted for wide range of physical and mechanical properties of the plants and crop parameters. This situation is caused by new machine´s working parts being viewed by researchers and developers as complex technical systems not from the standpoint of general systems theory but in terms of the use of traditional knowledge of the laws of agricultural mechanics, thus not getting proper attention to their systematic coordination with working conditions. Based on this, the paper presents a structural scheme for the system “mechanized corn for grain harvesting”, key elements of which are: agricultural (А), engineering (В) and selectional (С) supply. Interconnection of the subsystem´s elements and their consistency determine the effectiveness of the whole process. Inconsistency of the links АВ and ВC is observed. The conceptual system “mechanized corn for grain harvesting” design relates to the field with clear NO-factors: incompleteness, uncertainty, inconsistency and lack of information for decision making, thus it is important to review tasks of conceptual design from the most general constructual standpoint. The method of describing systems at the conceptual level is suggested. This systematic representation of corn-harvesting machines allows to approach the task of their workflows modeling from the most general standpoint.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

D. Kuzenko
O. Krupych
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Developed a method of a complex estimation of efficiency of the diesel particulate filter according to three criteria: the counting, the surface and the mass concentration of particulate matter considering their dispersion composition. The results of efficiency evaluation of a diesel particulate filter of freight car are presented using the proposed technique.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

A. Polivyanchuk
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

It is shown that heat energy transfer from the source to the medium is accompanied by rheological transitions. Physical parameters of the medium change in the rheological transition zone due to heat energy flow transfer at a certain speed. It is shown that use of linear gradient laws during description of heat energy transfer processes leads to great differences between theoretical and experimental results, as well as the paradox of infinite spreading speed of disturbances of temperature fields. For mathematical description of heat energy transfer processes in mediums, it is proposed to use the method of irreversible rheological transitions and zero gradient, thus providing solutions of nonlinear differential equations in analytical form.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Y. Stentsel
O. Porkuian
K. Litvinov
O. Shapovalov
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The analytical method of calculation of a withstand motion of fine-grained mixture is worked out in the vertical cylindrical sieve of vibrocentrifuge. Integration of differential equalization of motion is show out the reserved formulas for the calculation of kinematics descriptions of grain flow. The two-parameter continual model of the state of separation mixture is used in researches, as a heterogeneous continuous environment with variable specific mass (by porosity) on the thickness of movable layer of friable material. Change of specific mass on a radial coordinate in the cylindrical layer of mixture approximated by the function of degree, the coefficients of that are certain by the Aitken's method. Due to such approximation, the analytical decision of differential equalization of the grain flow, shown out with the use of two-parameter rheological dependence, in that the constituent of linear viscid resistance is complemented by the constituent of remaining internal dry friction, proportional overpressure in mixture, is built. An analytical decision is expressed as squaring that is not expressed through elementary functions in closed form, the close method of calculation of integral offers that is why, with the use of partial sum of row of degree. The results got close formulas result in that well comport with the results of numerical computer integration of squaring. Such method the continual models of grain flow on vibrosieves, it is assumed in that friable material is fully confined internal dry friction, are generalized known for, as a result of vibrodilution. The examples of calculations are considered, where influence of different factors is investigational, in particular values of rheological coefficients and change of porosity, on kinematics descriptions. It is set that calculation kinematics descriptions of grain flow substantially depend not only on the thickness of movable layer and rheological constants, and also from the concentration of grains near free surface of the mixture. Thus, worked out here a method of research of vertical grain flow in the cylindrical sieve of vibrocentrifuge can be an alternative to other methods in that for the calculation of motion of grain mixture of variable porosity conducted numerical computer integration of nonlinear differential equalizations.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Vasily Olshanskii
Alexander Olshanskii
Sergey Kharchenko
Farida Kharchenko
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

An alternative approach of the determining of conditions of safe stability loss of rectilinear motion of a wheeled vehicle model with controlled wheel module in the sense of N.N. Bautin is considered. The slipping forces are presented accurate within cubic expansion terms in the skid angles. Terms and conditions of safe stability loss depend on the ratio between the coefficients of resistance to the skid, the adhesion coefficients in the transverse direction of the axes and the parameter of torsional stiffness of the controlled wheel module. The presented approach to the analysis of real bifurcations related to the divergent loss of rectilinear motion mode stability has a clear geometric pattern: if in the vicinity of rectilinear motion at subcritical speed, there are additionally two unstable circular stationary states, then the stability limit is of dangerous nature in the sense of N.N. Bautin; if two circular stationary modes exist at supercritical speed, the limit of the stability loss in the parameter space of the longitudinal velocity is safe in the sense of N.N. Bautin. Analysis of the number of stationary modes in the vicinity of the critical velocity of rectilinear motion is performed for the obtained determining equation - cubic binomial.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Alexandr Kravchenko
Vladimir Verbitskii
Valery Khrebet
Natalia Velmagina
Andrey Muranov
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

In the article we address matters related to the stability of motion of the car subjected to the external lateral force. We show the possibility to compensate the effect of the external forces my means of the steering wheel angle. We have carried out the analysis for bicycle scheme vehicle and four-wheel model according to linear and nonlinear drift hypothesis. We have considered influence of speed of the car and size of external side force for the period of transition processes of stabilization of the movement.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

V. Verbitskii
R. Kuliev
K. Kravchenko
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The support for the stable functioning of business entities with focus on their further development is impossible without an effective system of financial security, because any time there is a danger of implementing a variety of risks that can lead to the onset of the crisis. It should be noted that the implementation of measures to ensure financial security is most effective when they are applied long before the crisis - it makes business entities able to recognize early trends of crises and have time for preparedness. In the case when it comes to the global economic crisis, which cannot be prevented, timely measures to ensure financial security can minimize its negative effects, and if the crisis is expected at the level of the enterprise, it will be able to avoid it altogether. The study clarified the theoretical basis of ensuring the business entity financial security - namely, the definition of "financial security" and a list of its tasks, functions and principles. The existing problem of providing financial security are researched. A qualitative and quantitative methods for assessing the financial condition of a business entity are showed. The research has established that the main problems of ensuring the financial security of business entity need to be addressed at the state level, but the early assessment of external and internal environment of economic units significantly reduces the risk of certain threats and thus increases financial security of business entities. The showed methods of assessing the financial situation can be used in practice of national business entities.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

T. Kuzenko
Sablina N.
N. Plahotna
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

On the basis of mathematical modeling of fluid flow in vortex devices verification of use of detached-eddy simulation method in the swirling flows in vortex chamber superchargers is made. Research of a flow with use of different turbulence models was made for vortex chamber supercharger in two working points of the characteristic: with the open exit channel and closed. Verification has been spent on integrated parameters, and also on kinematic, by comparison of static pressure value of on the top end cover of the device. It is received that the hybrid turbulence model DES does not allow, as well as model SST precisely to predict value of vacuum on an axis of the vortex chamber. The error makes an order of 20 %. However, DES predicts almost correct, on 20 % big, than model SST, values of vacuum on an axis in a throat axial diffuser on an input in the vortex chamber. Besides, by means of DES it is possible to describe more adequately unsteady structures near to an axis of the vortex chamber, and also vortex core precession that does not allow to make SST turbulence model. By optimization of vortex devices, and vortex chamber superchargers in particular, simulation time essentially is better to use SST turbulence model with rotation-curvature correction.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

A. Rogovyi
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The article describes the work of the seaport transport-technological system (TTS). Spend controlling analysis of the basic processes and port operations. It was found that the construction of an optimal system of controlling processes, leading to increased efficiency of the port. We consider a variety of factors that affect the efficiency of the port of reloading works and the importance of quality of work at every stage of the process. In order to determine the level of the expected impact of controlling the use of the analysis of the construction of the port of the quality management system, which is taken as a basis for the organization of transport and technological system of the port as a whole. It determined that the efficiency depends on the turnover of the port and thus the quality and quantity of treated vessels. At the same time your system needs to build their own port, to meet the requirements of customers, and dependence of the amount processed by the courts from time to time is the reciprocal of. The authors propose a model of controlling the transport and port system technology, taking into account factors that affect the process efficiency. The scheme of internal communication processes, transport and port systems technology, as well as take into account the external communication with customers. Use of risk systems in the port processes allows us to consider its bottlenecks, and provide impact of pointing it to a particular element of the system, when it is needed, that is applicable to many processes, owls, and is a universal method to increase the efficiency of the enterprise.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Sergey Zinchenko
Andrey Parkhotko
Larisa Khlopetskaya
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The aim of this study was to analyze diesel fuel consumption in Poland and identification of the causes of changes in the needs of individual sectors of the economy for this type of fuel. Time range of the researches covered from 2004 to 2014. Data from the Central Statistical Office (CSO) were the source material. In the years 2004-2014 diesel consumption in Poland was 111 553 thousand tons. In 2014 domestic consumption of diesel fuel was 11 203 thousand tons and it was more than 2 times higher than the level of consumption of this fuel in 2004. The highest consumption of diesel in Poland in the period took place in 2012. The increase in the consumption of diesel fuel in Poland had benefited from increased demand for diesel in transport, which became a result of an increased amount of transport services. The share of transport in the consumption of diesel fuel in Poland for the period 2004- 2014 was about 75%. Another area, which consumes the largest quantity of DF in Poland is agriculture. Consumption of this fuel in agriculture in the years 2004- 2014 increased by 7%. DF consumption in industry and the manufacturing sector it was variable. DF biggest consumption in these sectors of the economy in the period was recorded in 2004. The analyzes did not allow to identify the specific causes of changes in the use of DF in the industry and manufacturing. In transport it showed a relationship between the consumption of diesel fuel and the amount of transport work and the transported cargo.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Jacek Skudlarski
Michał Smykla
Katarzyna Botwińska
Roman Krygul
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The paper presents the analysis of results of the investigations concerning a vertical pipe submersion coefficient h/L with an air-water mixer of the described type. The investigations were performed on an air lift pump testing stand, constructed in a laboratory on a scale of 1:1. At first, the paper presents the possibilities of application of air lift pumps. The investigations to date have been briefly characterized and a research problem formulated. Then the paper describes the construction and working principle of the air lift pump testing stand, constructed in a laboratory. It presents the methodology of derivation of empirical formulas for calculation of vertical pipe submersion coefficients h/L. The comparative analysis of the values of h/L determined in the measurements with the values of h/L calculated using the derived empirical formulas was carried out. The research scope encompassed the derivation of the aforementioned empirical formulas for five fixed values of air lift pump delivery head H, comparison of the obtained values h/L determined in the measurements with the values of h/L calculated using the derived empirical formulas and the improved analytical Stenning-Martin model. To derive the empirical formulas for calculation of the vertical pipe submersion coefficient h/L, the dimensional analysis and multiple regression was applied. The investigations of the vertical pipe submersion coefficient h/L were carried out for the vertical pipe internal diameter d = 0.04 m and for the fixed delivery heads H: 0.45, 0.90, 1.35, 1.80, 2.25 m. The values calculated using the derived empirical formulas (23), (24), (25), (26), (27) coincide with the values of h/L determined in the measurements for the whole range of the investigated delivery heads H. On the other hand, the values of h/L calculated using the improved analytical Stenning-Martin model do not coincide with the values of h/L determined in the measurements for the delivery heads H equal 0.45 and 0.90 m, whereas they are comparable for H equal 1.35, 1.80, 2.25 m. For the tested air lift pump with the air-water mixer of the described type (Fig. 2), the maximum air pressure should not exceed pp = 145 kPa, because for higher pressures the water flow rate diminishes. In the air lift pump being tested, the water flow rate Qw grows along with the rise in the air flow rate and in the vertical pipe submersion coefficient h/L whereas falls along with the rise in the delivery head H.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

M. Kalenik
M. Chalecki
P. Wichowski
A. Kozioł
M. Babych
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Sapropel deposits are widely distributed around the globe. In the Americas area they are adjacent to the Great Lakes region, in Europe sapropel deposits can be spotted in the territory of Scandinavia, France, Switzerland, Germany, Poland, Belarus, Russia and in the northern regions of Ukraine. Use of sapropel as a fertilizer can enhance high and stable yields of crops. However, despite the proven effectiveness of long-term practical researches in this area, nowadays sapropel is almost not used. One of the reasons - lack of developed processing methods of extraction and processing, including dehydration. Material properties as an object of interaction with the working bodies, change of their settings in the processing are crucial in the choice of technologies, development, bringing up to the necessary parameters and subsequent use. Sapropel high humidity (95-98%) is one of the main factor that determines the quality of its properties after the interaction with working bodies. However, in the process of decreasing, in interaction with oxygen, there are significant changes in physical and mechanical properties of sapropel. Decisive in the direction selection process of lake sapropels’ use in the economic sector is their moisture exchange and thermodynamic parameters. The complexity of setting the water apart, if freshly extracted sapropels possess only 15-20% of it, shows their strong water-retaining capacity. The above mentioned phenomenon proves the need for their use as an organic fertilizer during the crops growing, as superficial loss of moisture in the soil creates a new global problem. On the basis of deep analysis of the sapropels’ properties, the authors suggest three areas of freshly extracted lake sapropel application in mixtures with leafy part of the crops: in biogas production with its further use as an organic fertilizer; making a compost mixture of organic origin which physical and mechanical properties are approximate as that of the soil; alternative solid fuels in the form of briquettes.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

V. Didukh
V. Tomyuk
Onyukh Yu.
Justyna Lalak-Kańczugowska
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Osier (salix viminalis) is a promising energy crop for the growing bioenergy purposes in Ukraine. It is unpretentious to the conditions of growth, marked with simplicity of cultivation technology, well-withdrawn for fertilization. Sewage sludge, due to its chemical composition and high content of organic matter, can be successfully used to fertilize the willow. The calculations of bioenergetic and economic efficiency showed that application of sewage sludge and compost with sawdust and straw in a ratio of 3: 1 at osier is marked with a high effect. In the studies performed in conditions of Ukraine’s Precarpathians on sod-podzolic soils we found that the highest biomass output and, therefore, gross energy per unit of area in agrocenoses of osier provided the application of fresh sewage sludge at a rate of 80 t / ha. In this option the dry biomass output made 39.4 t / ha, gross energy with the yield - 1,580 GJ / ha, the costs of energy generation - 6.2 UAH / GJ, the costs of gross output - 17.8 thousand UAH / ha, the rate of energy efficiency - 1.69. However, the highest rates of economic and bioenergetic efficiency after the fourth year of the willow vegetation we observed when the sewage sludge compost with straw of grain crops at a doze 40 and 60 t / ha was applied. In these variants the lowest cost of the biomass production was obtained (at the level 109 - 111 UAH / ton), the cost of the received energy from the biomass (5.6 - 5.7 UAH / GJ), the highest profitability value (97 - 101%) and the best performing of energy efficiency coefficient - 1.85 - 1.89.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

V. Lopushniak
G. Lopushnjak
G. Grytsulyak
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Formation of modern landscapes of Zaporizhzhya region occurred in the Holocene period. During the Holocene wet phase changing climate fairly arid, warm - rather cold, but the average climatic indicators were close to modern. These conditions contributed to the formation of steppe zonal type of landscape. However, due to prolonged exposure to diverse steppe landscapes economic impacts associated with mismanagement of their natural potential and increasing human pressure on the natural environment has been transformed natural landscapes and change their properties. The result of this action was that the area landscapes drastically reduced. Zaporizhzhya region was the most economically mastered in all regions of Ukraine. To further study the issues to optimize environmental management of the region, the article reproduced a modern structure of landscapes area. The area characterized Zaporizhzhya region lowland class and type steppe landscapes. Three subtypes of landscapes: the north, middle and dry steppe. Each subtype is divided into land. Within North steppe subtype isolated Dniester-Dnieper and the Left-Bank Dnepr-Azov province. Medium steppe subtype is represented by the Black Sea margin, and dry steppe - Black sea-Azov. The most popular items on the optimization of environmental management are landscaped areas and areas of morphological units within them. That level reflects the nature of the landscape area inside the area landscape differentiation. Within the Zaporizhzhya region allocated 7 landscaped areas: highland Azov, highland-Dnieper south slope, Kinsko-Yalinska low-lying, low-lying Azov, the Dnieper-Molochansk low-lying, Western Azov-slope highland and lowland Prisivasko-Priazov.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Valerij Lysenko
Yulia Chebanova

Instructions for authors

Na łamach czasopisma zamieszczane są oryginalne prace naukowe. Wszystkie
prace są recenzowane przez specjalistów spoza jednostki macierzystej autorów. Prace
proponowane do druku w Tece poszczególnych komisji oddziału lubelskiego PAN
należy przesyłać na adres odpowiednich Komisji.


Wymogi ogólne i techniczne przygotowania prac.
1. Objętość prac wraz z tabelami, rysunkami i fotografiami nie powinna przekraczać
12 stron formatu A-4.
2. Styl dokumentów – tekst pracy należy pisać czcionką typu Times New Roman
(TNR) 12 pkt., 1,5 odstępu między wierszami, dopuszcza się stosowanie wyróżnień w
tekście, np. kursywę i pogrubienie tekstu, prosimy jednak o zrezygnowanie z podkreślania
liter, wyrazów i zdań.
3. Wielkość tabel i rysunków nie może przekraczać formatu B-5 (12,5 cm x 19,5
cm); opisy tabel czcionką TNR 10 pkt, wypełnienie tabel 10 pkt, pojedynczy odstęp,
rozszerzenie plików zawierających tabele – doc. lub rtf.

Obowiązuje następujący układ pracy:
1. Tytuł artykułu w języku polskim lub angielskim (jeżeli cała praca jest w języku
angielskim, to samo dotyczy streszczenia i słów kluczowych).
2. Imię i nazwisko autora (-ów).
3. Streszczenie pracy (od 300 do 500 znaków).
4. Słowa kluczowe – należy podać do 6 słów pomocnych przy indeksacji i wyszukiwaniu.
5. Tekst główny artykułu powinien obejmować: wstęp, materiał i metody, wyniki,
dyskusję, wnioski (lub podsumowanie) i piśmiennictwo.
6. Tytuł, abstract (300-500 znaków) jako tłumaczenie streszczenia i słowa kluczowe
w języku angielskim.
7. Adres miejsca pracy autora (-ów) w języku polskim i angielskim.
Jan Kowalski, Katedra ....., Nazwa uczelni, adres, e-mail
8. Tytuły tabel oraz ich treść, a także podpisy rysunków i legendy muszą być podane
w języku polskim i angielskim, a numery tabel i rysunków – cyframi arabskimi.


Jednostki i pisownia – obowiązuje międzynarodowy układ SI, np. g·dm-3 (a nie
g/dm3).
Piśmiennictwo – przy powoływaniu się w tekście pracy na publikacje innych
autorów podajemy w nawiasie kwadratowym nazwisko autora(-ów) i rok wydania publikacji
zamieszczonej w Wykazie piśmiennictwa, np. [Chełkowski 1966].
Wykaz piśmiennictwa należy zestawić w porządku alfabetycznym w następujący
sposób: nazwisko (-a) autora (-ów), inicjały imion; rok wydania, gdy w danym roku jest
wydanych więcej prac tego samego autora, po roku naleŜy oznaczyć poszczególne
pozycje a, b, c itd.; tytuł pracy; skrót bibliograficzny wydawnictwa i miejsce wydania;
numer tomu, zeszytu oraz numery stron, np.
1. Chełkowski Z., 1966: Introdukcja troci do rzeki Gowienicy. Gospod. Ryb. 1(2), 18–19.
2. Greń J., Kowalski Z., 1972. Statystyka matematyczna. PWN Warszawa.
3. Horabik J., 1994: Load distribution in a model bin as influence d by mechanical properties
of wheat grain (in Polish). Acta Agrophysica, 1.5. Jury W.A., Roth K., 1990: Transfer Function
and Solute Movement through Soil. In: Theory and Applications. Birkhaser Verlag, Basel, Switzerland.
4. Turski W., 1972: Projektowanie oprogramowania systemów liczących. Mat. Konf.

Projektowanie maszyn i systemów cyfrowych. Warszawa 2-5 czerwca 1971. PWN Warszawa, 132-139.
Prace w języku angielskim: tytuły publikacji powinny być w jęz. angielskim, francuskim
lub niemieckim, z zaznaczeniem języka oryginalnego tej publikacji, np. (in
Polish), (in Russian) itp.

This page uses 'cookies'. Learn more