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Abstract

With the rapid development of industry, abundant industrial waste has resulted in escalating environmental issue. Steel slag is the by-product of steel-making and can be used as cementitious materials in construction. However, the low activity of steel slag limits its utilization. Much investigation has been conducted on steel slag, while only a fraction of the investigation focuses on the effect of steel slag particle size on the properties of mortar. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of steel slag particle size as cement replacement on properties of steel slag mortar activated by sodium sulphate (Na2SO4º. In this study, two types of steel slag, classified as fine steel slag (FSS) with particle sizes of 0.075mm and coarse steel slag (CSS) with particle sizes of 0.150 mm, were used for making alkali activated steel slag (AASS) mortar. Flow table test, compressive strength test, flexural strength test and UPV test were carried out by designing and producing AASS mortar cubes of (50 x 50 x 50) mm at 0, 10%, 20% and 30% replacement ratio and at 0.85% addition of Na2SO4. The results show that the AASS mortar with FSS possess a relatively good strength in AASS mortar. AASS mortar with FSS which is relatively finer shows a higher compressive strength than CSS up to 38.0% with replacement ratio from 10% to 30%. This study provided the further investigation on the combined influence of replacement ratio and particle size of SS in the properties of fresh and hardened AASS.
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Authors and Affiliations

Doh Shu Ing
1
ORCID: ORCID
Chia Min Ho
1
ORCID: ORCID
Xiaofeng Li
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ramadhansyah Putra Jaya
1
ORCID: ORCID
Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah
2
ORCID: ORCID
Siew Choo Chin
1
ORCID: ORCID
Nur Liza Rahim
2
ORCID: ORCID
Marcin Nabiałek
3
ORCID: ORCID

  1. College of Engineering, University Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang Kuantan Pahang, Malaysia
  2. Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, University Malaysia Perlis, Malaysia
  3. Department of Physics, Czestochowa University of Technology, Poland
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Abstract

The flexural toughness of chopped steel wool fiber reinforced cementitious composite panels was investigated. Reinforced cementitious composite panels were produced by mixing of chopped steel wool fiber with a ratio range between 0.5% to 6.0% and 0.5% as a step increment of the total mixture weight, where the cement to sand ratio was 1:1.5 with water to cement ratio of 0.45. The generated reinforced cementitious panels were tested at 28 days in terms of load-carrying capacity, deflection capacities, post-yielding effects, and flexural toughness. The inclusion of chopped steel wool fiber until 4.5% resulted in gradually increasing load-carrying capacity and deflection capacities while, provides various ductility, which would simultaneously the varying of deflection capability in the post-yielding stage. Meanwhile, additional fiber beyond 4.5% resulted in decreased maximum load-carrying capacity and increase stiffness at the expense of ductility. Lastly, the inclusion of curves gradually.
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Bibliography


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Authors and Affiliations

Akrm A. Rmdan Amer
1
ORCID: ORCID
Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah
2
ORCID: ORCID
Yun Ming Liew
2
ORCID: ORCID
Ikmal Hakem A. Aziz
1
ORCID: ORCID
Muhammad Faheem Mohd Tahir
2
Shayfull Zamree Abd Rahim
3
ORCID: ORCID
Hetham A.R. Amer
4
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Geopolymer & Green Technology, Center of Excellence (CEGeoGTech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Perlis, Malaysia
  2. Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Malaysia
  3. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Perlis, Malaysia
  4. Omar Al-Mukhtar Universiti, Civil Engineering Department, Libya
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Abstract

Due to urbanization, the population in the major cities in Malaysia is approximately 72.8% of its total population. The increase of population density has directly increased the amount of sewerage sludge waste that poses threat to the environment. In line with the green initiatives, alternative method to develop good quality concrete material from sewerage sludge waste can be further explored. Traditionally, sewerage sludge waste is processed using incinerator that require high energy and it is time consuming. In this study, microwave heating which require less energy consumption and less time consuming is used for sewerage sludge preparation. Prior to heating process, sewerage sludge waste is over dried at 105°C for 24 hours. Three types of microwave heating namely medium heating, medium high heating and high heating has been used. The chemical and physical properties microwaved sewerage sludge ash (MSSA) was tested using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Based on the result, the recommended temperature for the MSSA production for the concrete is High Mode Temperature. This is due to the result of MSSA for X-Ray Fluorescent test as its shows the highest in the content for pozzolanic element which are SiO2 and Fe2O3 that produce after the microwave burning process. The mineralogical composition and the crystalline phase of the High temperature MSSA due to X-Ray Diffraction test also shows high content of SiO2 as the major component as it is good for pozzolanic reaction in concrete. From the Scanning Electron Microscope test, it is observed that particle of High heated MSSAare slightly smaller than other temperature. Also, the densification occurs at High temperature MSSA. Hence, the optimal burning temperature mode for MSSA is High Mode temperature.
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Authors and Affiliations

Doh Shu Ing
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ramadhansyah Putra Jaya
1
ORCID: ORCID
Chia Min Ho
1
ORCID: ORCID
Siew Choo Chin
1
ORCID: ORCID
Marcin Nabiałek
2
ORCID: ORCID
Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah
3
ORCID: ORCID
Sebastian Garus
4
ORCID: ORCID
Agata Śliwa
5
ORCID: ORCID

  1. College of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang Kuantan Pahang, Malaysia
  2. Department of Physics, Czestochowa University of Technology, Poland
  3. Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, University Malaysia Perlis, Malaysia
  4. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, Czestochowa University of Technology, Poland
  5. Division of Materials Processing Technology and Computer Techniques in Materials Science, Silesian 21 University of Technology, Poland

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