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Abstract

The aim of the paper is to present the procedure of non-standard road signs and markings implementation in Poland to improve road safety and traffic performance of road infrastructure. The authors investigated the following cases: road and its surroundings’ perception and understanding improvement; warning of increased risk of accidents ; road works; speed management and ITS. The procedure was developed on the basis of interdisciplinary research, including: observation of drivers behaviour in real traffic; comparative crash analysis on sections with and without non-standard signs or markings; surveys on the understanding signs and marking; driving simulator experiments. As a result of the research, an implementation procedure for non-standard signs and markings, in the form of flowchart, was developed. In the designed procedure the following study of non-standard signs can be distinguished: questionnaire studies, eye tracking tests and driving simulator tests. The choice of the test method depends on the preliminary assessment of sign understanding, based on the results of the questionnaires. Moreover, thresholds for the declared understanding level, which determines the selection of additional tests to be done prior to the implementation of the sign, are given. The guidelines for conducting tests, analysis and monitoring of implementation were described as well.
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Authors and Affiliations

Alessandro Calvi
1
Stanisław Gaca
2
Tomasz Kamiński
3
ORCID: ORCID
Mariusz Kieć
2
Mikołaj Kruszewski
3

  1. Department of Engineering, Roma Tre University, Via Vito Volterra 62, 00-146 Rome, Italy
  2. Cracow University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, 24 Warszawska Str., 31-155 Cracow, Poland
  3. Motor Transport Institute, Transport Telematics Center, Jagiellońska 80 Str., 03-301 Warsaw, Poland
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Abstract

Safety Performance Functions and Crash Modification Factors are statistically-based prediction methods that require significant efforts and long periods in crash data collection. Traffic conflict studies can mitigate this issue using a short time survey to measure the number and severity of traffic conflicts, which are regarded as surrogate safety measures. Unfortunately, they are empirical studies that can be carried out only after the implementation of a treatment. The overall objective of the present research is to investigate the performance of different methods for conflict detection and classification, considering the observed conflicts on 2+1 roads in Poland. Observations were compared with conflicts detected in simulated environments. The latter include either the Agent-Based Microsimulation (ABM) approach, or the virtual reality simulation using a Driving Simulator (DS). Conflicts were detected and classified based on video recording and analysis of vehicle trajectories in the merging area of 2+1 roads. The studies focused only on lane-changing conflicts. Locations, Post Encroachment Time and Time to Collision values of observed conflicts between vehicles were subsequently identified. Observed conflicts were compared with the ones resulting from ABM and DS, to determine whether there is a correlation between them.
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Authors and Affiliations

Salvatore Cafiso
1
ORCID: ORCID
Alessandro Calvi
2
Carmelo D'Agostino
3
Mariusz Kieć
4
Gianmarco Petrucci
5
Piotr Szagała
6

  1. University of Catania, Department of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Via Santa Sofia 64, I-95125 Catania, Italy
  2. Roma Tre University, Department of Engineering, Via Vito Volterra 62, I-00146 Rome, Italy
  3. Lund University, Department of Technology and Society, John Ericssons väg 1, 223 63 Lund, Sweden
  4. Cracow University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, 24 Warszawska Str., 31-155 Cracow, Poland
  5. Donati S.p.A., via Aurelia Antica 272, I-00165 Rome, Italy
  6. Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Al. Armii Ludowej 16, 00-637 Warsaw, Poland

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