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Abstract

In small steam turbines, sometimes the efficiency is not as important as the cost of manufacturing the turbine. The Curtis wheel is a solution allowing to develop a low output turbine of compact size and with a low number of stages. This paper presents three fully dimensional computational fluid dynamics cases of a Curtis stage with full and partial admission. A 1 MW steam turbine with a Curtis stage have been designed. The fully admitted stage reaches a power of over 3 MW. In order to limit its output power to about 1 MW, the partial admission was applied. Five variants of the Curtis stage partial admission were analyzed. Theoretical relations were used to predict the partial admission losses which were compared with a three-dimensional simulations. An analysis of the flow and forces acting on rotor blades was also performed.
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Bibliography

[1] Achille M., Cardarelli S., Pantano F., Zito M.: Design and CFD analysis of a Curtis turbine stage. In: Proc. 29th Int. Conf. on Efficiency, Cost, Optimisation, Simulation and Environmental Impact of Energy Systems, ECOS 2016, Portorož, June 19–23, 2016.
[2] Rashid S., Tremmel M., Waggott J., Moll R.: Curtis stage nozzle/rotor aerodynamic interaction and the effect on stage performance. J. Turbomach. 129(2007), 3, 551–562
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[6] Pan Y., Yuan Q., Zhu G.: Numerical Investigation on the Influence of Inlet Structure on Partial-admission Losses. Proc. Chin. Soc. Electr. Eng. 38(2018), 14, 4156– 4164.
[7] Sakai N., Harada T., Imai Y.: Numerical study of partial admission stages in steam turbine. JSME Int. J. B-Fluid T. 49(2006), 2, 212–217.
[8] Lampart P., Szymaniak M., Rzadkowski R.: Unsteady load of partial admission control stage rotor of a large power steam turbine. In Proc. ASME Turbo EXPO 2004, Power for Land, Sea and Air, Vienna, June 14–17, 2004, ASME GT-2004- 53886, 2004.
[9] Koprowski A., Rzadkowski R.: Computational fluid dynamics analysis of 1 MW steam turbine inlet geometries. Arch. Thermodyn. 42(2021), 1, 35–55.
[10] Rusanov A., Rusanov R.: The influence of stator-rotor interspace overlap of meridional contours on the efficiency of high-pressure steam turbine stages. Arch. Thermodyn. 42(2021), 1, 97–114.
[11] Dejch M.E., Filippov G.A., Lazarev L.Ja.: Collection of Profiles for Axial Turbine Cascades. Machinostroienie, Moscow 1965 (in Russian).
[12] Neuimin V.M.: Methods of evaluating power losses for ventilation in stages of steam turbines of TES. Therm. Eng.+ 61(2014), 10, 765–770.
[13] Ansys CFX, Release 18.2.
[14] Ansys DesignModeller, Release 18.2.
[15] Ansys TurboGrid, Release 18.2.
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[17] Wagner W., Pruss A.: The IAPWS formulation 1995 for the thermodynamic properties of ordinary water substance for general and scientific use. J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 31(2002), 2, 387–535
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Authors and Affiliations

Arkadiusz Koprowski
1
Romuald Rządkowski
1 2

  1. Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery Polish Academy of Sciences, Fiszera 14, 80-952 Gdansk, Poland
  2. Air Force Institute of Technology, Ksiecia Bolesława 6, 01-494 Warsaw, Poland
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Abstract

This paper analyses the influence of three different ring-type inlet duct geometries on the performance of a small 1 MW backpressure steam turbine. It examines the efficiency and pressure drop of seven turbine variants, including four spiral inlet geometries and three stages with a mass flow rate around 30 t/h. A one-pipe and two-pipe inlets are analysed from aerodynamical point of view, taking into account stator and rotor blades in three stages without the outlet. An outlet is added to the best variant. Also analysed is the occurrence of vortices in the inlets of the studied variants 1–7 as well as the efficiency, drop pressure, turbine power and mass flow. Finally, the best inlet for a 1 MW steam turbine is suggested.
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Bibliography

[1] Bellucci J., Rubechin F., Arnone A.: Modeling partial admission in control stages of small steam turbines with CFD. In: Proc. ASME Turbo Expo, June 11-15 2018 Oslo, GT2018-76528, 2018.
[2] Lampart P., Szymaniak M., Rzadkowski R.: Unsteady load of partial admission control stage rotor of a large power steam turbine. In: Proc. ASME Turbo EXPO 2004, Power for Land, Sea and Air, June 14–17, 2004, Vienna, ASME GT-2004- 53886, 2004.
[3] Van den Braembussche R.A.: Flow and loss mechanisms in volutes of centrifugal pumps. Educational Notes. In: Design and Analysis of High Speed Pumps (12-1–12- 26). Educational Notes RTO-EN-AVT-143, Neuilly-sur-Seine, RTO, 2006 (available from: http://www.rto.nato.int/abstracts.asp).
[4] Drexler C.: Strömungsvorg ange und Verlustanteile in ungleichformig beaufschlagten Turbinenstufen. PhD thesis, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 1996. Computational fluid dynamics analysis of 1 MW steam turbine inlet geometries 55
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[8] Sievert R.: Analyse der Einflussparameter auf die Strömung im Eintritt von Niederdruck-Dampfturbinen. PhD thesis, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum 2006 (in German).
[9] Maier W.: Inlet casing for a turbine. US Patent US5927943A, 1999.
[10] Škach R., Uher J.: Spiral Inlets for Steam Turbines. AIP Conf. Proc. 1889, 020038, 2017.
[11] Hecker S., Rohe A., Stoff H.: Steam turbine inlet geometry from a structural and fluid dynamics point of view. In: Proc. ASME Turbo Expo 2012, GT2012-68678, 2012, 487–495.
[12] Gao K., Wang C., Xie Y., Zhang D.: Effects of inlet chamber structure of the control stage on the unsteady aerodynamic force. In: Proc. ASME Turbo Expo, Oslo, June 11–15 2018, GT2018-76632, 2018.
[13] Engelmann D., Schram A., Polklas T., Mailch P.: Losses of steam admission in industrial steam turbines depending on geometrical parameters. In: Proc. ASME Turbo Expo, Dusseldorf – Oslo, June 16-20 2014, GT2014-25172, 2014.
[14] Dejch M.,E., Filippov G.A., Lazarev L.Ja.: Collection of Profiles for Axial Turbine Cascades. Machinostroienie, Moscow 1965 (in Russian).
[15] Kietlinski K., Czerwinski P.: Retrofit of 18K370 steam turbine on the units 7–12 at Belchatow Power Plant. Arch. Energ. XLI(2011), 3-4, 77–96.
[16] Ansys CFX, Release 18.2.
[17] Ansys Meshing, Release 18.2
[18] Ansys TurboGrid, Release 18.2
[19] Ansys DesignModeller, Release 18.2
[20] Ansys CFX, Release 18.2, CFX documentation. Ansys, Inc.
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Authors and Affiliations

Arkadiusz Koprowski
1
Romuald Rzadkowski
1 2

  1. Institute of Fluid Flow Machinery Polish Academy of Sciences, Fiszera 14, 80-952 Gdansk, Poland
  2. Air Force Institute of Technology, Ksiecia Bolesława 6, 01-494 Warsaw, Poland

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