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Abstract

At present, Al-Si-Cu based alloys (with a typical representative AlSi9Cu3 alloy) represent more than half of the castings used in various industries (automotive, aerospace and electrical engineering). These are most often sub-eutectic (exceptionally eutectic) alloys with a content of 6 to 13 wt. % Si and 1 to 5 wt. % Cu. The aim of the paper is to point out the importance of the evaluation of input raw materials that determines the overall properties of the casting and the costs invested in its production. A negative impact on performance can be expected when using an alloy made up of a high proportion of recycled material, despite its economic benefits. Experimental alloys were evaluated based on the results of crystallization process and a combination of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), and deep etching. The effect of remelting and increasing the remelted returnable material in the batch was manifested especially in the crystallization of iron-rich phases. The negative effect of remelting on the structural components was manifested after the fourth remelting. Gradual increase of remelted returnable material in the batch causes harmful changes in the crystallization process.
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Bibliography

[1] Ciu, J. & Roven, H.J. (2010). Recycling of automotive aluminum. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China. 20, 2057-2063.
[2] Gaustad, G., Olivetti, E.A. & Kirchain, R. (2012). Improving aluminum recycling: A survey of sorting and impurity removal technologies. Resources Conservation and Recycling. 58, 79-87.
[3] Kasińska, J., Bolibruchová, D. & Matejka, M. (2020). The influence of remelting on the properties of AlSi9Cu3 alloy with higher iron content. Materials. 13, 575.
[4] Das, K.S. & Green, J.A.S. (2010). Aluminum Industry and Climate Change-Assessment and Responses. JOM: The Journal of The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society. 62, 27-31.
[5] Winczek, J., Gucwa, M., Mician, M. et al. (2019). The evaluation of the wear mechanism of high-carbon hardfacing layers. Archives of Metallurgy and Materials. 64 (3), 1111-1115
[6] Medlen, D. & Bolibruchová, D. (2012). The influence of remelting on the properties of AlSi6Cu4 alloy modified by antimony. Archives of Foundry Engineering. 12(1), 81-86.
[7] Martinec, D., Pastircak, R. & Kantorikova, E. (2020). Using of Technology Semisolid Squeeze Casting by Different Initial States of Material. Archives of Foundry Engineering. 20(1), 117-121.
[8] Campbell, J. (2011). Complete Casting Handbook: Metal Casting Processes, Metallurgy, Techniques and Design. Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, UK.
[9] Djurdjevic, M.B., Odanovic, Z. & Talijan, N. (2011). Characterization of the Solidification Path of AlSi5Cu (1-4 wt.%) Alloys Using Cooling Curve Analysis. JOM: The Journal of The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society. 63,11, 51-57.
[10] Lukač, I. (1981). Properties and structure of non-ferrous metals. ALFA Bratislava. (in Slovak).
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Authors and Affiliations

M. Matejka
1
ORCID: ORCID
D. Bolibruchová
1
ORCID: ORCID
M. Kuriš
1

  1. University of Zilina, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Technological Engineering, Univerzitna 1, 010 26 Zilina, Slovak Republic
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Abstract

The article focused primarily on comparing the achieved mechanical results for AlSi7Mg0.3Cu0.5Zr and AlSi7Mg0.3Cu0.5Zr0.15Ti experimental alloys. Experimental variants with the addition of Zr ≥ 0.05 wt. % demonstrated the ability of Zr to precipitate in the form of Al3Zr or AlSiZr intermetallic phases. Zr precipitated in the form of long smooth needles with split ends. When evaluating the thermal analyses, the repeated peak was observed already with the initial addition of Zr in the range of approximately 630 °C. It was interesting to observe the increased interaction with other intermetallic phases. EDX analysis confirmed that the individual phases are based on Cu, Mg but also Fe. Similar phenomena were observed in experimental alloys with a constant addition of Zr and a gradual increase in Ti by 0.1 wt. %. A significant change occurred in the amount of precipitated Zr phases. A more significant increase in mechanical properties after heat treatment of AlSi7Mg0.3Cu0.5Zr experimental alloys was observed mainly above the Zr content ≥ 0.15 wt. % Zr. The improvement of yield and tensile strength over the AlSi7Mg0.3Cu0.5 reference alloy after heat treatment was minimal, not exceeding 1 %. A more significant improvement after heat treatment occurred in modulus of elongation with an increase by 6 %, and in hardness with an increase by 7 %. The most significant drop occurred in ductility where a decrease by 31 % was observed compared to the reference alloy. AlSi7Mg0.3Cu0.5Zr0.15Ti experimental alloys, characterized by varying Ti content, achieved a more significant improvement. The improvement in tensile strength over the AlSi7Mg0.3Cu0.5 reference alloy after heat treatment was minimal, not exceeding 1 %. A more significant improvement after heat treatment occurred in modulus of elongation with an increase by 12 %, in hardness with an increase by 12 % and the most significant improvement occurred in yield strengthwith a value of 18 %. The most significant decrease also occurred in ductility where, compared to the reference alloy, the ductility drop was by up to 67 %.
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Bibliography

[1] Vončina, M., Medved, J., Kores, S., Xie, P., Cziegler, A. & Schumacher, P. (2018). Effect of molybdenum an zirconium on aluminium casting alloys. Livarski Vestnik. 68-78.
[2] Medved, J. & Kores, M.V.S. (2018). Development of innovative Al-Si-Mn-Mg alloys with hight mechanical properties. The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society. 373-380. DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-72284-9_50.
[3] Pisarek, B.P., Rapiejko, C., Szymczak, T. & Payniak, T. (2017). Effect of Alloy Additions on the Structure and Mechanical Properties of the AlSi7Mg0.3 Alloy. Archives of Foundry Engineering. 17(1),137-142. ISSN: 1897-3310.
[4] Mahmudi, R., Sepehrband, P. & Ghasemi, H.M. (2006). Improve properties of A319 aluminium casting alloy modified with Zr. Materials Letters. 2606-2610. DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2006.01.046
[5] Sepehrband, P., Mahmudi, R., Khomamizadeh, F. (2004). Effect of Zr addition on the aging behavior of A319 aluminium cast alloy. Scripta Materialia. 253-257. DOI: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2004.10.025
[6] Rakhmonov, J., Timelli, G. & Bonollo, F. (2017) Characterization of the solidification path and microstructure of secondary Al-7Si-3Cu-0,3Mg alloy with Zr, V and Ni additions. Material characterization. ISSN:1044-5803.
[7] Krajewski, W., Geer, A., Buraś, J., Piwowarski, G. & Krajewski, P. (2019). New developments of hight-zinc Al-Zn-Cu-Mn cast alloys. Materialstoday Proceedings. 306-311. DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2018.10.410.
[8] Hermandez-Sandoval, J., Samuel, A.M. & Vatierra, F.H. (2016). Thermal analysis for detection of Zr-rich phases in Al-Si-Cu-Mg 354-type alloys. Journal of metalcasting. ISSN 1939-5981.
[9] Bolibruchova, D., Kuriš, M., Matejka, M., Major Gabryś, K., Vicen, M., (2020) Effect of Ti on selected properties of AlSi7Mg0.3Cu0.5 alloy with constant addition of Zr. Archives of Metalurgy and Materials. 66(1), 65-72. DOI: 10.24425/amm.2021.134760.

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Authors and Affiliations

M. Kuriš
1
D. Bolibruchova
1
M. Matejka
1
ORCID: ORCID
E. Kantoríková
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. University of Zilina, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Technological Engineering, Univerzitna 1, 010 26 Zilina, Slovak Republic

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