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Abstract

This article summarizes technical aspects of preparing printable 3D anatomical models created from radiological data (CT, MRI) and discusses their usefulness in surgery of the human skull. Interdisciplinary approach to the capabilities of the 3D printers, and the materials used for manufacturing 3D objects oriented on replicating anatomical structures has created new possibilities for simulating and planning surgical procedures in clinical practice settings.
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Authors and Affiliations

Janusz Skrzat
1

  1. Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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Abstract

The current paper is a review of the results attained in the past and current anatomical studies, aimed at understanding the variability and function of the diploic venous system of the human skull. The diploic veins can serve as transit for infections from the scalp to the structures contained within the cranial cavity via the emissary veins, due to their interconnections with the pericranial veins, meningeal veins and dural sinuses. Thereby this clinical aspect has also been discussed.
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Authors and Affiliations

Janusz Skrzat
1
Michał Zarzecki
1

  1. Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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Abstract

This study is an illustrative case of the ipsilateral ossification of the dural folds stretched between the clinoid processes found in the juvenile sphenoid bone. Thereby, occurred inconstant bony formations are termed as the interclinoid bridge and the carotico-clinoid foramen.
Both structures are of clinical meaning if surgical operations are performed in the sellar region.
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Authors and Affiliations

Janusz Skrzat
1
Grzegorz Goncerz
1
Agnieszka Szczepanek
1
Magdalena Kozerska
1

  1. Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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Abstract

The absence of the musculocutaneous nerve represents a failure of the nerve to depart from the median nerve during early development. During a routine dissection of a 66-year-old white female cadaver, a bilateral absence of the musculocutaneous nerve was observed in the upper limbs. Muscles of the anterior flexor compartments of the arms including biceps brachii and brachialis were supplied by branches of the median nerve. The lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm also branched from the median nerve. In a clinical case of a particularly high median nerve injury, a variation of an absent musculocutaneous nerve may not only result in typical median nerve palsy of the forearm and hand, but palsy in the arm that would manifest as deficiencies in both shoulder and elbow flexion as well as cutaneous sensory loss from the lateral forearm.
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Authors and Affiliations

Dawn D. Hunter
1
Janusz Skrzat
2
Matthew J. Zdilla

  1. Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Laboratory Medicine (PALM), West Virginia University School of Medicine, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
  2. Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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Abstract

This paper describes a unique case of craniosynostosis in a female skull in which sagittal sutures were completely fused by adolescence. Despite sagittal synostosis, the skull was of normal shape and size. Regarding craniometric features, the synostotic normocephalic skull was markedly different than that of scaphocephalic skulls which typically result from premature obliteration of the sagittal suture.
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Authors and Affiliations

Janusz Skrzat
1
Matthew J. Zdilla
2
Paweł Brzegowy
3
Jerzy Walocha
1

  1. Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
  2. Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Laboratory Medicine (PALM), West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
  3. Department of Radiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland

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