Abstract
Erythritol helps both prevent and improve periodontal disease and is therefore widely used for dental care in humans. However, only a few studies have investigated the effects of erythritol on periodontal disease in animals. We hypothesized that erythritol could be used to prevent and improve periodontal disease also in canines and investigated the effects of erythritol on canine periodontal disease–related pathogenic bacteria using both in vitro and in vivo methods.
The effect of erythritol on the proliferation of Porphyromonas gulae, which is reportedly associated with canine periodontal disease, was investigated in vitro. In addition, a 4-week intervention trial using an external gel preparation containing 5% erythritol was performed in canines with mild periodontal disease; changes in the microbiota around periodontal lesions were investigated using next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics analysis.
The growth of P. gulae was significantly suppressed by erythritol in vitro. In the intervention study, the Shannon index, an indicator of the species distribution α-diversity, and the occupancy of several canine periodontal disease – related bacteria ( P. gulae, P. cangingivalis) were significantly decreased in periodontal lesions.
Based on the results of in vitro and in vivo studies, we conclude that, as in humans, erythritol has bacteriostatic effects against periodontal disease – related bacteria in canines.
Go to article
Bibliography
Allaker RP, Young KA, Langlois T, Rosayro RD, Hardie JM (1997) Dental plaque flora of the dog with reference to fastidious and anaerobic bacteria associated with bites. J Vet Dent 14: 127-130.
Bellows J, Berg ML, Dennis S, Harvey R, Lobprise HB, Snyder CJ, Stone AES, Van de Wetering AG (2019) AAHA Dental Care Guidelines for Dogs and Cats. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 55: 49-69.
Chen Y, Liao K, Ai L, Guo P, Huang H, Wu Z, Liu M (2017) Bacteremia caused by Bergeyella zoohelcum in an infective endocarditis patient: case report and review of literature. BMC Infect Dis 17: 271.
Dean I, Jackson F, Greenough RJ (1996) Chronic (1-year) oral toxicity study of erythritol in dogs. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 24: S254-S260.
de Cock P (2018) Erythritol functional roles in oral-systemic health. Adv Dent Res 29: 104-109.
de Cock P, Mäkinen K, Honkala E, Saag M, Kennepohl E, Eapen A (2016) Erythritol is more effective than xylitol and sorbitol in managing oral health endpoints. Int J Dent 2016: 9868421.
Dos Santos JD, Cunha E, Nunes T, Tavares L, Oliveira M (2019) Relation between periodontal disease and systemic diseases in dogs. Res Vet Sci 125: 136-140.
Eubanks DL (2010) Periodontal disease assessment. J Vet Dent 27: 58-60.
Gu Y, Fujitomo Y, Ohmagari N (2021) Outcomes and Future Prospect of Japan’s National Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance (2016-2020). Antibiotics 10: 1293.
Hashino E, Kuboniwa M, Alghamdi SA, Yamaguchi M, Yamamoto R, Cho H, Amano A (2013) Erythritol alters microstructure and metabolomic profiles of biofilm composed of Streptococcus gordonii and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Mol Oral Microbiol 28: 435-451.
Kortegaard HE, Eriksen T, Baelum V (2008) Periodontal disease in research beagle dogs-an epidemiological study. J Small Anim Pract 49: 610-616.
Kuzuya T, Kanazawa Y, Kosaka K (1969) Stimulation of insulin secretion by xylitol in dogs. Endocrinology 84: 200-207.
Lozupone CA, Hamady M, Kelley ST, Knight R (2007) Quantitative and qualitative beta diversity measures lead to different insights into factors that structure microbial communities. Appl Environ Microbiol 73: 1576-1585.
Munro IC, Berndt WO, Borzelleca JF, Flamm G, Lynch BS, Kennepohl E, Bär E A, Modderman J (1998) Erythritol: an interpretive summary of biochemical, metabolic, toxicological and clinical data. Food Chem Toxicol 36: 1139-1174.
Muramatsu Y, Haraya N, Horie K, Uchida L, Kooriyama T, Suzuki A, Horiuchi M (2019) Bergeyella zoohelcum isolated from oral cavities of therapy dogs. Zoonoses Public Health 66: 936-942.
Murphy LA, Coleman AE (2012) Xylitol toxicosis in dogs. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 42: 307-312.
Nakakuki T (1998) Development of functional oligosaccharides in Japan. Trends Glycosci. Glycotechnol. 178: 19-28.
Noda K, Nakayama K, Modderman J (1996) Fate of erythritol after single oral administration to rats and dogs. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 24: S206-S213.
Nomura R, Inaba H, Yasuda H, Shirai M, Kato Y, Murakami M, Iwashita N, Shirahata S, Yoshida S, Matayoshi S, Yasuda J, Arai N, Asai F, Matsumoto-Nakano M, Nakano K (2020) Inhibition of Porphyromonas gulae and periodontal disease in dogs by a combination of clindamycin and interferon alpha. Sci Rep 10: 3113.
Nomura R, Shirai M, Kato Y, Murakami M, Nakano K, Hirai N, Mizusawa T, Naka S, Yamasaki Y, Matsumoto-Nakano M, Ooshima T, Asai F (2012) Diversity of fimbrillin among Porphyromonas gulae clinical isolates from Japanese dogs. J Vet Med Sci 74: 885-891.
Sarkiala E, Harvey C (1993) Systemic antimicrobials in the treatment of periodontitis in dogs. Semin Vet Med Surg Small Anim 8: 197-203.
Senhorinho GN, Nakano V, Liu C, Song Y, Finegold SM, Avila-Campos MJ (2011) Detection of Porphyromonas gulae from subgingival biofilms of dogs with and without periodontitis. Anaerobe 17: 257-258.
Shannon CE (1949) A mathematical theory of communication. Bell Syst Tech J 27: 379-423.
Shoukry M, Ben AL, Abdel NM, Soliman A. (2007) Repair of experimental plaque-induced periodontal disease in dogs. J Vet Dent 24: 152-165.
Yumoto T, Kowada T, Sumiya F, Matsumoto T, Fujita K, Yamamura H, Sakai T (2004) Surgery and bacteria isolation in treating severe periodontal disease in old dogs. J Jpn Vet Med Assoc 57: 41-45.
Go to article
en
pl
