Expectations are understood as more or less justified beliefs about the future and relate external to us states of affairs (state expectations), ourselves (selfexpectations) or others (interpersonal expectations). in this article are presented state expectations and interpersonal expectations emerging from the process of education student with a disability. This article is based on focus research conducted among teachers and interviews with the head teachers of schools where students with disabilities are taught. The purpose of the article is to show expectations according to exchange theory and finding common and divergent benefit exchange planes between the different actors of the educational process. It turned out that very few of them are the same for all actors. Most of them are assigned to a lesser or greater degree of individual operators. The most important conclusion is the fact that the state implementing educational policy (inclusive) very often dumps the responsibility for the implementation of this policy on local governments, who saw the "economic attractiveness" of student with a disability the chance to see a budget increase and no longer necessarily increase educational opportunities for their students with disabilities.

Budowa metodologii delimitacji obszarów morskich ma następujące fazy: lata 1969–1982, w których Międzynarodowy Trybunał Sprawiedliwości orzekał na podstawie konwencji genewskich z 1958 r. oraz międzynarodowego prawa zwyczajowego; lata 1982–1994, w których weszła w życie konwencja o prawie morza z 1982 r.; lata do 2009 r. i wydanie wyroku w sprawie Morza Czarnego.Opracowana metodologia jest przejrzysta, ale sama delimitacja obszarów morskich jest procesem złożonym i trudnym.

Artykuł dotyczy drugiego etapu delimitacji obszarów morskich i wyjaśnia koncepcję szczególnych okoliczności, która jest kategorią otwartą i składa się przede wszystkim z czynników geograficznych, a w mniejszym stopniu z czynników niegeograficznych.

Autor analizuje najnowsze sprawy dotyczące Morza Czarnego i Morza Karaibskiego (Nikaragua–Kolumbia) rozpatrywane przez MTS oraz sprawę dotyczącą Zatoki Bengalskiej, w której wyrokował Międzynarodowy Trybunał Prawa Morza.

The aim of the presented paper is to show the results of shape optimization of railway polynomial transition curves (TCs) of 5th, 7th, and 9th degrees through the use of the full vehicle model and new criteria of assessement concerning the jerk value. The search for the proper shape of TCs means that in this work, the evaluation of TC properties is based on select quantities and the generation of such a shape through the use of mathematically understood optimization methods. The studies presented have got a character of the numerical tests. For this work, advanced vehicle models describing dynamical track-vehicle and vehicle-passenger interactions as well as optimization methods were exploited. In the software vehicle model of a 2-axle freight car, the track discrete model, non-linear descriptions of wheel-rail contact are applied. This part of the software, the vehicle simulation software, is combined with a library optimization procedure into the final computer program.