She (Nature) is an eternal present. Past and future are unknown to her. The present is her eternity. She is beneficient. J.W. von Goethe Goethe is speaking about the ever-lasting value and importance of Nature. Even in today’s luminous, rushing and digital world, Goethe’s faithful idea and the theory of Christian Hirschfeld, which brought to life the 18th-century urban public park movement, represents a value. Though the citizens’ use and habits are varied in every age and region, society, the individuals need physical and spiritual recreation offered by urban parks. The overall goal of the research is to highlight the role of natural elements and urban landscape character in space composition means on the example of the two centuries old historic urban park in Budapest, the Városliget, one of the very first urban public parks. Main research questions: What are the main landscape and nature structures and elements that define the composition? What are the main changes in compositional means in the long evolution of the park in the stress of urban development and social change? Can we find universal design means for the general park use forms or does the local spirit play the dominant role in public park design? This study focuses on the composition means over time, in the transformation process of the Budapest Városliget, from the first landscaping and replantation of the swampy area in the outskirt of Pest town at turn of 18–19th century when Nature and her humanized garden and park forms became increasingly recognized as means and purposes of spiritual, physical and societal renewal. The research is based on analyses of ecological, landscape aspects and features, of social, public and political input into planning and building that affected the composition and the construction of the urban public park. The analyses focus on the significant momentums of park evolution, while observations focus on the relations between changing social and landscape aspects in the design and planning process.

The paper presents an approach based on the use of the fuzzy logic method as a tool for quick estimation of favorable parameters of hot plastic working of selected alloy and for the identification of those combinations of parameters that should be avoided. The idea and basic principles of operation of fuzzy controllers for the selection of thermo-mechanical parameters of hot metal forming were presented. The most important information necessary for a quick analysis based on knowledge engineering has been compiled. An example of the fuzzy controller using the information obtained based on plastometric test data and the results of observation of the microstructure state of deformed samples at various temperature and strain rate variants is presented. For the tested alloy, it was shown that the analysis of the parameters of their plastic processing using the fuzzy logic method, based on properly formulated expert knowledge, leads to obtaining satisfactory results. Thus, it was confirmed that fuzzy logic can be successfully used as a tool for quick estimation of correct or unfavorable thermal and mechanical combinations of hot forging processes.