Current efforts are taken to increase resource efficiency, close material loops, and improve sustainable waste and by-products management. Thus, networking agro-food by-products andc onverting them into valuable products completely exhausting the potential of the raw material becomes significant. Model lignocellulosic and starch based biomass were subjected to pre-treatment with the application of acidic compounds, i.e. sulphuric (SA) and acetic (AA) acids. The response, i.e. total sugar content and derivatives content is investigated depending on variables changed during hydrolysis: concentration of acid, process duration, temperature and the size of the biomass particles. After saccharification, the hydrolysates were analysed via HPLC. Total reducing sugars concentration was in the range of 0.1 – 15.53 g/LAmong the substances present in the hydrolysates, protein, peptides, hydroxybenzyl acid (HA), 5-HMF, furfural (FF), vanillin (V), vanillic acid (VA), formic acid (FA) and levulinic acid (LA) were found in the range of 0.44 – 9.05 g/L and determined as total derivatives concentration. The aim of the study was to evaluate the measurable effects of the research and deliver information about the statistically important parameters for the process course and relations between the variables.

The destruction of the Nova Kakhovka dam in Ukraine on June 6th, 2023, produced an enormous flooding in the entire Kherson region. Thousands of people and agricultural fields were affected, bringing down an economy already devastated by the ongoing war. In addition to that, in the months prior to the collapse, the water level in the reservoir has been firstly decreased to a minimum, before rising it to an all-time maximum. Both these two situations are studied by means of Sentinel-1 SAR images, using the so-called change detection technique, with the aim of identifying those areas that got covered by water due to the Lake Kakhovka level rise and due to the flooding in the downstream region of the dam. The obtained results are then validated through comparison with optical images from Sentinel-2 and Landsat 9 satellites. The initial validation involves a visual assessment of both data types, followed by a more in-depth analysis that includes pixel classification of the optical images. This final step enables a precise quantification and comparison of the extent of the damage. It is clear that the increase of the water level before the dam collapse has worsened the extension and effect of the subsequent flooding.