The aim of the study carried out during 2002–2004 was to assess the effects and economic effectiveness of application of fungicides and insecticides in winter triticale crops. Its leaves were attacked by pathogenic fungi in 43.2% to 52.2% and the damage to leaf blade surfaces by cereal leaf beetle (Oulema spp.) ranged from 23.6% to 34.4%. The effectiveness of applied fungicides ranged from 44.7% to 90.8%, and that of insecticides was within 70.1% and 94.4%. The saved crops were evaluated for PLN 198 to 1 171 per ha. The cost coverage ratio ranged from 0.7 to 9.9 and the treatment profitability index ranged from 0.9 to 7.4. Cost index in percentage ranged from 0.8 to 8.5, with its average value of 4.2.
The fundamental concepts of nano and quantum systems of informatics have been presented. The nanotechnological processes taking place in biological systems of informatics have been discussed in terms of informatics. Presented analysis shows that the application of nanotechnologies in the technical informatic systems enables realization of processes for formation of products and objects with self-replication feature, similarly to the processes existing in biological informatic systems. It seems also that the quantum technologies enable further miniaturization of the technical systems of informatics as well as make the execution time of some computing processes like, e.g. Shor's and Grover's algorithms, shorter.
A computer model EUSS (Emission Uniformity on Sloping Surfaces) has been developed to design and evaluate the system capacity under operating conditions for drip irrigation system. And achieve the desired value of emission uniformity that is not significantly different according to the recommended values by applying it in field experiment located at Al- -Slahia city, Egypt. The model has the ability to design the system by all of the common design techniques and have ability to customize any of them.
EUSS model includes two main parts: crop water requirements, and hydraulic calculations of the system using metric unit system. It developed in graphical user interface of the programming language C-sharp (C#) by using Microsoft Visual Studio. The model database is containing the equations, tables and reference values to get more rapid and accurate results, and gives the opportunity for selecting some parameters such as: soil properties, characteristics of the corresponding crop, and climatic data. EUSS model allows the user to assume or set definite values, for example plot layout, land slopes and topography, the emitter characteristics and operating conditions.
This article focuses on a Samarian coin issue that portrays a biga carrying people clad in Iranian apparel on the obverse and an Iranian horseman on the reverse. It was struck in the name of BDYHBL and the forerunners of the type can be traced to Sidonian coinage and Achaemenid-infl uenced minor arts. It is possible that the issuer of the coin held a military or an administrative post in the Achaemenid realm, which could explain why this and other issues bearing his name contained motifs drawn from its iconography.
Transparent Al doped ZnO nanocrystalline films with a crystallite size less than 19 nm are obtained by spray pyrolysis. Band gap increases monotonically from 3.16 to 3.31 eV with increasing aluminum dopant up to 1.56 at.% facilitating increasing width of a transmission window in addition to the band gap tuning of 4.74% which compares favorably well with literature. UV emission with continuously increasing intensity is obtained which reflects on the good crystalline quality of the films. Also the defect emissions are suppressed remarkably as the dopant Al concentration increases in ZnO. The band gap tuning by quite small increment in dopant amount makes the present films, much attractive for the fabrication of light emitting devices with a much sought-for benefit of large area fabrication. FESEM shows the surface is granular with grain size lying in the range of 20–35 nm and EDX confirms the presence of Al in the doped samples.
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