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Abstract

In the early 21st century, the USD 64,000 Question has been whether China is actually integrating into the liberal world order. In this paper I concentrate on one segment of that order: the oil market order. I question the argument that in the present century the oil market order has moved away from being “liberal capitalist” towards becoming “state-capitalist” as a consequence of the rise of China and Chinese preferences. I argue that China has neither changed nor has had the power to change the international oil market order. To demonstrate this, I evaluate China’s behavior towards the three pillars of the liberal oil market order. The first pillar is the United States’ role as the underwriter of the global oil supply. The US guarantees oil security mainly through its military presence in the Persian Gulf, the most important region for oil exports. The US also guarantees the security of sea lines of communication. The second pillar is the ownership structure of the oil industry, where state-owned and privately-owned companies coexist. The third pillar is the currency of the oil trade (the US dollar) and its market-driven pricing system. It replaced the system of OPEC-administered prices that existed between 1973 and 1988. Pricing power moved away from OPEC to the so-called “market”. In the period 2000–2020, China did not challenge any of those three pillars. China may be a mercantilist power, but in the first two decades of the 21st century it remained within the liberal oil market order.
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Authors and Affiliations

Rafał Ulatowski
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Faculty of Political Science and International Studies, University of Warsaw, Poland
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Abstract

Coronavirus infection (COVID-19) is a highly infectious disease of viral etiology. SARS-CoV-2 virus was first identified during the investigation of the outbreak of respiratory disease in Wuhan, China in December 2019. And already on March 11, 2020 COVID-19 in the world was characterized by the WHO as a pandemic. In Ukraine the situation with incidence COVID-19 remains difficult. The purpose of this study is to to develop a mathematical forecasting model for COVID-19 incidence in Ukraine using an exponential smoothing method. The article analyzes reports on basic COVID-19 incidence rates from 29.02.2019 to 01.10.2021. In order to determine the forecast levels of statistical indicators that characterize the epidemic process of COVID-19 the method of exponential smoothing was used. It is expected that from 29.02.2019 to 01.10.2021 the epidemic situation of COVID-19 incidence will stabilize. The indicator of “active patients” will range from 159.04 to 353.63 per 100 thousand people. The indicator of “hospitalized patients” can reach 15.43 and “fatalities” — 1.87. The use of the method of exponential smoothing based on time series models for modeling the dynamics of COVID-19 incidence allows to develop and implement scientifically sound methods in order to prevent, quickly prepare health care institutions for hospitalization.
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Authors and Affiliations

Nina Malysh
1
Alla Podavalenko
2
Olga Kuzmenko
3
Svitlana Kolomiets
3

  1. Department of Infectious Diseases with Epidemiology, Sumy State University, Rymskogo-Korsakova 2, Sumy, Ukraine
  2. Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Occupational Diseases, Kharkiv Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Amosova, 58, Kharkiv, Ukraine
  3. Department of Economic Cybernetics, Sumy State University, Rymskogo-Korsakova 2, Sumy, Ukraine
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Abstract

The article is devoted above all to the analysis of the concept of conscience in relation to the space of public life (institutional, professional). The author of the article devotes a special place to the concept of conscience in interpretation of Jürgen Habermas and his ethics of discourse. In the first part of the article, the author points to the change it has made in the modern and contemporary sense of conscience in comparison with classical interpretations. Earlier, the power of conscience was associated with the intellect, whereas today’s conscience is associated with emotions, especially with the ability to empathize, especially the subject’s ability to empathize. Some emotions are cognitive and are related to contextual knowledge. In the second part, the author analyses the concept of the development of moral consciousness of Jürgen Habermas. This concept is based on a philosophical interpretation of the conclusions of the psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg’s experiment. In conclusion, the author writes about of the presence of the “voice” of conscience in the space of public life. Defending the value of discourse on the principles of social life, it can be based on the postulate of Habermas, or the dialogue of people with sensitive consciences.

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Authors and Affiliations

Mariusz Wojewoda
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Abstract

The article discusses the role of the press in the socio- economic activities of the Catholic Action movement in the interwar period by focusing on the Diocese of Siedlce in the 1930s. An analysis of the content of three regional magazines, Wiadomości Diecezjalne Podlaskie (The Podlasie Diocesan News), Głos Podlaski (The Voice of Podlasie) and Podlaski Miesięcznik Katolicki (The Podlasie Catholic Monthly) indicates that all of them played an important role in founding new branches of the Catholic Action, mobilizing its members to get involved in the Action's economic and social projects, and encouraging them to join various initiatives in the sphere of defence and state security.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jarosław Cabaj
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Instytut Historii, Uniwersytet w Siedlcach

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