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Number of results: 157
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Abstract

The properties of matrix operations and the properties of Hartenberg-Denavit's co-ordinate system's transformation matrices were used for deriving a dependence facilitating an easier determination of the links' angular velocity vectors in the link-related co-ordination systems. The use of derived dependence does not require determining products of transformation matrices nor inverse matrices. The numbers of necessary algebraic operations for previous and simplified dependences was set up. The use of a simplified dependence was illustrated by a numerical example.
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Authors and Affiliations

Andrzej A. Stępniewski
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Abstract

The smart-city concept refers to a city that uses information and communication technologies to increase the interactivity and efficiency of urban infrastructure and its components, as well as raising awareness among residents of, for example, such socially important issues as energy efficiency and decarbonization. The current priorities and strategic goals of cities and metropolitan areas include climate protection, the reduction of pollution caused by the use of means of transport and heat or energy sources. The development of technology and the evolving smart-city concept are in line with the more efficient use of resources, global demographic trends, and ongoing urbanization processes. This results from the evolving potential of cities that the new information and communication technologies (ICTs) have set in motion. A change in the way cities function is a part of the concept of sustainable development, which involves the thoughtful use of resources in such a way that they are sufficient to not only ensure the well-being of the present generation but to also meet the needs of the future. Particularly important is the principle of sustainable development, which involves the greatest possible synergy between people and the world around them. Therefore, the essence of the idea of sustainable development is the pursuit of the well-being of society while maintaining the integrity of the ecosystem. Studies carried out among inhabitants of cities show that according to their understanding of the smart-city concept, the technological element is as important as the fact that the city is resident-friendly, smartly managed, and well organized, and the entities needed are always in the right place and at the right time. The purpose of this study is to analyze the innovation potential of selected cities of a large metropolis in terms of the smart city concept and 4T capitals. The subject is related to the search by city authorities for new models and tools to shape sustainable development in order to improve their residents’ access to municipal services and amenities, as well as to increase their influence on the future of their cities in such difficult ongoing processes as decarbonization. The main objective of the study was to identify how the authorities of the selected cities incorporate smart-city and 4T-capital topics into local policies to achieve decarbonization goals. The study was based on surveys of residents and municipal employees and on an analysis of local documents and environmental data of pollutions.
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Authors and Affiliations

Grzegorz Kinelski
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Management, WSB University, Poland
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Abstract

The United Nations General Assembly established the Sustainable Development Goals in 2015 to achieve an equitable and sustainable future for all by 2030. This study aims to model the relationship between government revenue per capita, quality of governance and the targets of several of these goals, including the coverage of the critical determinants of health; water, sanitation, healthcare, and education. We used government revenue because the policies and practices of international and multinational organisations - including corporations and banks - are more likely to influence revenue rather than government spending in countries in which they are engaged. Also, government revenue reflects a government's ability to spend across all sectors rather than just health or education. An unbalanced non-linear panel data model was employed, and annual data on 217 countries over the period 1960-2000 was used. The coverage of the Sustainable Development Goal variables was expressed as percentages and measures of the quality of governance included in the model. A linear relationship between revenue and the determinants of health would not be appropriate; therefore, we employ a logistic function. A standard panel logistic function would impose the same shape “S” curve on all countries, which is inappropriate. Therefore, we augment the parameters of the logistic function with measures of the quality of governance in each country, which allows each country to have a different “S” shape as the quality of its governance varies. Our study found that increased government revenue is associated with increased progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals. An improvement in the quality of governance could amplify this effect. This modelling and its accompanying visualisations can predict the potential of an increase in government revenue in an individual country regarding progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals.
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Authors and Affiliations

Bernadette O'hare
1
Steve G. Hall
2

  1. St Andrews University, United Kingdom
  2. Leicester University, United Kingdom, Pretoria University, South Africa
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Abstract

This article discusses the development of international law concerning the underwater cultural heritage (UCh), with particular emphasis on the 2001 UNESCO Convention on the subject. It attempts to set out the main legal solutions adopted in the 2001 Convention. however, in order to achieve this aim, it traces the genesis of the Convention and identifies the problems which prompted UNESCO to initiate the negotiations that ultimately led to the adoption of the 2001 Convention. hence, before analysis of the UNESCO treaty it firstly describes the initial phase of the development of law regarding UCh, which was mostly based on the national laws of particular coastal States, as well as in some instances on the laws of salvage. Subsequently, the article turns to the discussion concerning the (in)famous two provisions of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) dealing with archaeological objects, as well as the efforts that were undertaken within the framework of the Council of Europe to adopt a convention on UCh.
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Authors and Affiliations

Konrad Marciniak
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. PhD, Director, Legal and Treaty Department, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of The Republic of Poland
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Abstract

Anthropopression has become a factor of many negative environmental changes, including climate change. As a response to these changes, the European Union (EU) has already cut the GHG emission by 24% compared to 1990 levels. However, the goals are far greater since the Paris Agreement states that global warming should be kept down to near 2 degrees Celsius, ideally 1.5 degrees Celsius, compared to pre-industrial levels. By 2050, the proportion of global energy produced from coal must decline by between 73 and 97 percent to accomplish this objective. The global employment structure would definitely be affected by this decarbonization in the long run. In this paper, we concentrate on a preliminary evaluation of Poland’s future job market. As Poland’s economy is still driven by coal, energy conversion will have a significant influence on the country’s economy. However, decarbonization is both an opportunity and a challenge for the future labor market. As per research findings, the transition to renewable power would be a net job creator with the potential for new quality workers in the renewable energy industry both directly in the construction and installation of renewable power plants and indirectly in the industry that supplies the items for the system. According to the preliminary investigation of Poland’s future labor market, the future of Polish energy is the cohesion of clean energy sources and decentralized energy, while offshore wind energy in the Baltic Sea can play an important role in the national energy transition, as well as contributing to the country’s energy security and reducing environmental pollution.
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Authors and Affiliations

Olga Janikowska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Abdelkareem Abdallah Abdelkareem Jebreel
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
  2. Sapienza University of Rome, Roma RM, Italy
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Abstract

This paper presents the design of digital controller for longitudinal aircraft model based on the Dynamic Contraction Method. The control task is formulated as a tracking problem of velocity and flight path angle, where decoupled output transients are accomplished in spite of incomplete information about varying parameters of the system and external disturbances. The design of digital controller based on the pseudo-continuous approach is presented, where the digital controller is the result of continuous-time controller discretization. A resulting output feedback controller has a simple form of a combination of low-order linear dynamical systems and a matrix whose entries depend nonlinearly on certain known process variables. Simulation results for an aircraft model confirm theoretical expectations.

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Authors and Affiliations

Roman Czyba
Lukasz Stajer
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Abstract

This article investigates the possibilities of the recovery of raw materials at the Kraków–Płaszów municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). The materials include sand coming with raw sewage and delivered by septic tankers, after cleaning sewage systems. Following the Regulation of the Minister of Climate (January 2020), sand from grit chambers is classified in the waste catalog as waste, with the code of 19 08 02. (Journal of Laws of 2020, item 10). The purchase of very efficient units has optimized the grit chamber operation and minimized the amount of waste generated as well as being an odor nuisance. The paper presents a mass balance for sand collected at the WWTP. Due to the use of new sand separators, the amount of this waste has been reduced by 28%. The paper presents the sieve curves of sand collected at the wastewater treatment plant and during the cleaning of sewage wells, as well as for sand mixtures. The sand mixture was prepared to allow some variations in the grain size characteristics of the sand. The graining differentiation indexes and curvature indexes were calculated. In addition, in laboratory tests, the leachability of heavy metals and the content of dry matter (DM) and dry mineral matter (DMM) were determined. The laboratory tests confirmed the reduction of organic solids to a level below 3% of dry weight; the content of heavy metals remained below the level of detection. The experiments confirmed that sand from the WWTP can be used as fine-grained aggregate in the production of concrete.
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Authors and Affiliations

Justyna Górka
1
ORCID: ORCID
Dominika Poproch
2 3
ORCID: ORCID
Małgorzata Cimochowicz-Rybicka
1
ORCID: ORCID
Bartosz Łuszczek
4
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Cracow University of Technology, Kraków, Poland
  2. Doctoral School, Cracow University of Technology, Kraków, Poland
  3. Krakow Water, Kraków, Poland
  4. Kraków Water, Kraków, Poland
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Abstract

In order to explore the impact of coal and gangue particle size changes on recognition accuracy and to improve the single particle size of coal and gangue identification accuracy of sorting equipment, this study established a database of different particle sizes of coal and gangue through image gray and texture feature extraction, using a relief feature selection algorithm to compare different particle size of coal and gangue optimal features of the combination, and to identify the points and particle size of coal and gangue. The results show that the optimal features and number of coal and gangue are different with different particle sizes. Based on visible-light coal and gangue separation technology, the change of coal and gangue particle size cause fluctuations in the recognition accuracy, and the fluctuation of recognition accuracy will gradually decrease with increases in the number of features. In the process of particle size classification, if the training model has a single particle size range, the recognition accuracy of each particle size range is low, with the highest recognition accuracy being 98% and the average recognition rate being only 97.2%. The method proposed in this paper can effectively improve the recognition accuracy of each particle size range. The maximum recognition accuracy is 100%, the maximum increase is 4%, and the average recognition accuracy is 99.2%. Therefore, this method has a high practical application value for the separation of coal and gangue with single particle size.
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Authors and Affiliations

Xin Li
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Shuang Wang
1 2
Lei He
1 2
Qisheng Luo
1 2

  1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
  2. State Key Laboratory of Mining Response and Disaster Prevention and Control in Deep Coal Mines, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
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Abstract

The paper presents areas where the EBITDA measure is used in coal companies. The metric and the ratios where it is utilized are employed to assess companies and management efficiency, hence they are used as criteria for rewarding board members. EBITDA-based ratios are also used to evaluate the profitability of company restructuring and its goodwill in mergers and acquisitions. EBITDA, also tends to be used to value companies on the capital market. It is a good tool for efficiency assessment in coal companies with relatively stable fixed assets and small share of intangible assets, which amortized over short periods of time could interfere the comparability of relations based on this measure. The comparability is also disturbed by large investment expenditure incurred in the short term. This does not apply to the mining industry, in which investment cycles are long, last several years and expenditures are spread over time. In addition, the rate of technical progress imposing the need to implement large technology projects is not high compared to technology companies with high development dynamics.

EBITDA based ratios were used to assess a number of listed coal companies. The analysis revealed that the profit/loss of these companies is mainly determined by coal prices. The cost of coal mining is 90% fixed and projects undertaken to reduce it bear fruit only over the long term. Cyclically changing coal prices cause major losses in companies when prices are low, which leads to bankruptcies or a need to restructure. After a period of decline in 2014–2016, the profit/loss of Polish coal companies as well as companies from around the world improved in 2017–2018. T he financial standing of Polish companies was better than that of their counterparts from other parts of the world.

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Authors and Affiliations

Agata Sierpińska-Sawicz
ORCID: ORCID
Maria Sierpińska
ORCID: ORCID
Elżbieta Królikowska
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Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed a specific paradox of contemporary urban planning. Cities that since the dawn of civilization have been considered the safest and most attractive human habitats turn into traps in a pandemic. For example New York, the most densely populated city in the United States, became the world’s epicentre of the pandemic in April 2020. Since 1992, successive teams governing the city stimulated pro-ecological planning strategies. From a neglected city, threatened with crime and plagued by terrorism, they turned it into a green metropolis, a symbol of a city of the 21st century. One of the most important planning and urban achievements was the successful revitalization of the post-industrial waterfront piers of Brooklyn and Queens. The rapid growth of bicycle transport stimulated by the planning authorities and supported by the construction of a network of bicycle routes along the main streets and coastal promenades should be noted as well. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of the planning transformations in New York on the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, and to answer the question whether they made the city more resilient and safer.
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Authors and Affiliations

Artur Jasiński
1
ORCID: ORCID
Wojciech Oktawiec
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, Faculty of Architecture and Fine Arts
  2. New York Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Design
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Abstract

The present paper deals with a late medieval culinary collection, Liber Cure Cocorum. The collection differs from the other known culinary manuscripts of the time due to its being written in verse. Altogether the poem consists of 137 recipes and four other fragments which introduce four sections of the collection: pottages, sauces, roast foods and ‘small cookery’. Most of the instructions included in Liber Cure Cocorum are known from other medieval collections, written in prose (cf. Hieatt 2006). In the article the collection will be analysed from two perspectives. First, the struc-ture of culinary poems will be discussed in order to examine the degree of their compliance with the traditional model of the medieval recipe. Next, although the authorship of the collection is anonymous, we will try to reveal who its author was and whom he meant as the target audience. For this purpose, we will pay attention to fragments in which the author directly refers to himself and/or to the potential reader. Additionally, any details included in the particular recipe components which might expose the potential poet and/or the audience will be discussed. By looking closely at the structure of the recipes and the intended audience, we will try to an-swer the question why it was written in verse rather than in prose.

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Authors and Affiliations

Magdalena Bator
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Abstract

The present paper is concerned with conceptualisations of Strategic Business Units (SBUs) that appear in a specific piece of business discourse – the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) matrix. More specifically, the authors analyse both the names and the language used to talk about the SBUs. The data for the research comes from three languages: English, Polish, and French, the fi rst of which is the source language of the terminology, while the other two are target languages into which the terminology was rendered. Since the analysed phenomena are chiefl y metaphors and metonymies, the theoretical framework was provided by the Conceptual Metaphor Theory and Conceptual Metonymy Theory.

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Authors and Affiliations

Grzegorz Drożdż
Barbara Taraszka-Drożdż
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Abstract

The article discusses the use of metaphors in the terminology of astronomy and astrophysics. The terminology of these fields is relatively stable, characterized by terminological diversity, thus allowing to draw sufficiently general conclusions. Three cases are to be considered: (a) first, the metaphor as a powerful source of terms, assuming the denominative function, (b) the terminological metaphor which leaves a certain domain and which penetrates into the general language, which is sometimes called determinologization, and, (c) finally, the terminological metaphor migrating from one specialized domain to other terminologies in which it is newly used to denote another concept, this phenomenon sometimes being referred to as transterminologization. The three processes are analysed and documented, using French and Czech examples, excerpted from specialised texts (encyclopaedic dictionary and newspaper articles).
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Authors and Affiliations

Jan Holeš
1
ORCID: ORCID
Zuzana Honová
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Faculté des lettres Université d'Ostrava, République tchèque
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Abstract

This article discusses and expands on two related issues. The first is the unexplored reasons for the departure of Polish migrant women: the forced migration phenomenon. The author describes the system behind forced migration as created at the intersections not only of care, gender and migration regimes but also of legal regimes. Second, the author points out that the close relation between forced migration and the process of ‘unbecoming a wife in the transnational context’ creates a distinctive type of trans-national motherhood experience. In order to explain the specificity of these types of experiences better the author introduces a new typology of transnational motherhood biographies. The case study of Al-dona is representative of the experiences of some Polish women in the period under study, 1989–2010.

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Authors and Affiliations

Sylwia Urbańska
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Abstract

This article is devoted to contemporary return migrations by Kazakhs – a process of great significance for the population and cultural policies of the government of independent Kazakhstan. I examine the repatriation process of the Kazakh population from the point of view of the cultural transformations of Kazakh society itself, unveiling the intended and unintended effects of these return migrations. The case of the Kazakh returns is a historically unique phenomenon, yet it provides data permitting the formulation of broader generalisa-tions. It illustrates the dual impact of culturally different environments, which leads to a simultaneous pre-serving and changing of the culture of the new immigrants. The analyses found in this article are based upon data collected during two periods of fieldwork conducted in June–July 2016 and March 2018 at several locations in Kazakhstan and in cooperation with a Kazakh university. The research methodology is anchored in multi-sited, multi-year fieldwork.

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Authors and Affiliations

Ewa Nowicka
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Abstract

This article examines the connection between media use and social in/security from the perspective of Finnish Russian-speakers. Based on 25 interviews conducted in Finland in 2015–2016, it analyses the ways in which people in conflict situations mitigate social risks and attempt to produce security by governing their use of the media. Drawing from von Benda-Beckmann and von Benda-Beckmann’s work on social security, the article argues that security studies ought to include transnational media use in their scope and broaden the emphasis towards the social and societal aspects of threat and insecurity. Furthermore, it explains how, in times of conflict, transnational media may turn into a digitalised ‘war zone’ with alarming consequences on the identification and social security of their audiences.

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Authors and Affiliations

Tiina Sotkasiira
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Abstract

This article describes and analyses Polish diaspora policy changes in the years 2011–2015. Two decades after the rebirth of the Polonia policy in 1989, it was completely rebuilt. Emphasising values and Poland’s obligations towards the diaspora was replaced by paying more attention to the interests and profitability of this policy. The authors demonstrate how New Public Management (NPM) concepts influenced this shift. Analysis of two different sources – documents programming Polish diaspora policy and interviews with experts and persons designing the Polonia policy – confirmed that NPM principles influenced Polish dias-pora policy on five dimensions: organisational restructuring, management instruments, budgetary reforms, participation, marketisation/privatisation.
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Authors and Affiliations

Michał Nowosielski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Witold Nowak
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Centre of Migration Research, University of Warsaw, Poland
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Abstract

The aim of the study is to present the FAPPS (Forecasting of Air Pollution Propagation System) based on the CALPUFF puff dispersion model, used for short-term air quality forecasting in Krakow and Lesser Poland. The article presents two methods of operational air quality forecasting in Krakow. The quality of forecasts was assessed on the basis of PM10 concentrations measured at eight air quality monitoring stations in 2019 in Krakow. Apart from the standard quantitative forecast, a qualitative forecast was presented, specifying the percentage shares of the city area with PM10 concentrations in six concentration classes. For both methods, it was shown how the adjustment of the emissions in the FAPPS system to changes in emissions related to the systemic elimination of coal furnaces in Krakow influenced the quality of forecasts. For standard forecasts, after the emission change on June 7, 2019, the average RMSE value decreased from 23.9 μg/m3 to 14.9 μg/m3, the average FB value changed from -0.200 to -0.063, and the share of correct forecasts increased from 0.74 to 0.91. For qualitative forecasts, for the entire year 2019 and separately for the periods from January to March and October to December, Hit Rate values of 5.43, 2.18 and 3.48 were obtained, the False Alarm Ratios were 0.28, 0.24 and 0,26, and the Probability of Detection values were 0.66, 0.75, and 0.74. The presented results show that the FAPPS system is a useful tool for modelling air pollution in urbanized and industrialized areas with complex terrain
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Authors and Affiliations

Jolanta Godłowska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Kamil Kaszowski
1
Wiesław Kaszowski
1

  1. Institute of Meteorology and Water Management – National Research Institute, Poland
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Abstract

In the first part of the paper the most often used processes in PRB technology are presented and described. These processes are: redox reactions, pH control, adsorption and biodegradation. They proceed in the reactive materials listed in the table. In the second part of the paper the procedure used in the assessment of possibilities of using PRB technology is presented. It was suggested to use preliminary assessment during the initial stage of the procedure, as it limits the range of the analysis to several most important factors. Moreover,. the conditions of using PRB were described. They can help to decide whether this technology should be accepted or not in the initial stage of the procedure. Such preliminary assessment of possibilities of using PRB was performed for two selected areas of dumping sites located in Upper Silesia, Poland. After accepting the possibilities of using this technology in their area, the types of reactive materials for effective treatment of groundwater were proposed for both of them.
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Authors and Affiliations

Tomasz Suponik
ORCID: ORCID
Marcin Lutyński
ORCID: ORCID
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Abstract

The alternative waste fuels have a significant share in the fuel mix of the cement industry in Poland. The conditions inside cement kilns are favorable enough for environmentally-friendly use of waste fuels. In the article, the authors discuss the current situation concerning the use of alternative fuels in Poland, from difficult beginning in the 1990s to the present time, different kinds of fuels, and the amounts of used fuels. The use of fuels in Poland is presented against the global and EU consumption (including Central European countries and companies). The increased use of waste-derived fuels, from the level of about 1% at the end of the 1990s to the present level of about 70%, allowed for the limitation of waste storage, including avoidance of greenhouse gas emissions and consumption of conventional energy sources; those effects also contributed to the implementation of the sustainable development and circular economy conceptions. The experiences of the cement plants worldwide prove that the use of waste fuels is ecological and economical. The examples showed in the article confirm that cement plants are greatly interested in using waste fuels from waste, as they invest in the infrastructure allowing to store bigger amounts of waste and dose them more efficiently. Thus, the cement industry has become an important element of the country’s energy economy and waste management system.
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Authors and Affiliations

Alicja Uliasz-Bocheńczyk
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jan Deja
2
ORCID: ORCID
Eugeniusz Mokrzycki
3
ORCID: ORCID

  1. AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Resource Management, Poland
  2. AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Materials Science, and Ceramics, Poland
  3. Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland
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Abstract

During the process of ,,enhanced coagulation" except for colloids and suspensions removal, the removal of associated organic compounds including DPD (Disinfection By-Products) precursors is crucial. It is often necessary to decrease color and turbidity of treated water to values which arc significantly lower than accepted for drinking water. On the basis of presented results of the research it was found out that under strict technological conditions coagulation of low mineralization waters ensures effective treatment, including significant THMs precursors removal, even when water is of low temperature. However, it is necessary to apply two different methods of coagulation (volumetric coagulation and direct filtration) dependently of water temperature with the usage of the same equipment (a flocculation chamber, a vertical sedimentation tank and a pressure rapid filter) including the same point of a coagulant dosing. During the periods of ,,high temperature" the treatment should be based on volumetric coagulation and during the periods of ,,low temperature" of water direct filtration should be applied.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jolanta Gumińska
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Abstract

The article concerns computer modelling of processes in cooling systems of internal combustion engines. Modelling objectives and existing commercial programs are presented. It also describes Author’s own method of binding graphs used to describe phenomena in the cooling system of a spark ignition engine. The own model has been verified by tests on the engine dynamometer. An example of using a commercial program for experimental modelling of an installation containing a heat accumulator is presented.

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Authors and Affiliations

Zbigniew Kneba

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