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Abstract

Air pollution has a serious impact on the health of human beings and is a major cause of death worldwide every year. Out of the many sources of air pollution, the smoke generated from household combustion devices is very dangerous due to the incomplete combustion of fuel. Women from rural areas suffer a lot due to this harmful smoke. Diseases like cancer, throat, and lung infection occur in adults and children due to inhalation of this smoke. The traditional chulha used by rural women is operated by using cow dung, straw, and wood, and the air is blown manually by using small metallic pipes. This paper presents the design and development of an innovative stove to maximize flame temperature and minimize air pollution to overcome the health-related issues of rural women. A smokeless stove is presented, in which wood, straw, and cow dung are taken as primary fuel, and superheated steam as a secondary oxidizer for its operation. In this stove, a forced draft is created by the provision of a small fan, which is operated by solar power thus eliminating the need of creating a forced draft manually by the cook which makes this innovative stove superior to the traditional chulha. Owing to the provision of superheated steam, the flame temperature as well as the burning efficiency increases. The cooking time is reduced due to higher flame temperature as compared to the liquefied petroleum gas stove. The main objective of this work is to minimize air pollution and provide a smoke-free environment to the people using such devices as this innovative stove offers complete combustion of fuel. The flame temperature of the designed stove ranges from 595˚C to 700˚C and its thermal efficiency is 10–17% higher than that of the traditional chulha. The design of this stove is unique, and its maintenance cost is also much less.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Ramesh Chandra Nayak
1
Manmatha K. Roul
2
Prateek Debadarsi Roul
3

  1. Synergy Institute of Technology, Bhubaneswar – 752101, Odisha, India
  2. GITA Autonomous College, Bhubaneswar – 752054, Odisha, India
  3. Odisha University of Technology and Research, Bhubaneswar – 751003, Odisha, India
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Abstract

Sensitive MEMS-based thermal flow sensors are the best choice for monitoring the patient’s respiration prompt diagnosis of breath disturbances. In this paper, open space micro-calorimetric flow sensors are investigated as precise monitoring tools. The differential energy balance equation, including convection and conduction terms, is derived for thermal analysis of the considered sensor. The temperature-dependent thermal conductivity of the thin silicon-oxide membrane layer is considered in the energy balance equation. The derived thermal non-linear differential equation is solved using a well-known analytical method, and a finite-element numerical solution is used for the confirmation. Results show that the presented analytical model offers a precise tool for evaluating these sensors. The effects of flow and thin membrane film parameters on thermo-resistive micro-calorimetric flow sensors’ performance and sensitivity are evaluated. The optimization has been performed at different flow velocities using a genetic algorithm method to determine the optimum configuration of the considered flow sensor. The geometrical parameters are selected as a decision variable in the optimization procedure. In the final step, using optimization results and curve-fitting, the expressions for the optimum decision variables have been derived. The sensor’s optimum configuration is achieved analytically based on flow velocity with the analytical terms for optimum decision variables.
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Authors and Affiliations

Mojtaba Babaelahi
1
Somayyeh Sadri
2

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Qom, Qom, Iran
  2. Thermal Cycle and Heat Exchangers Department, Niroo Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
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Abstract

In the paper I address the problem of consolidation of the borders of the world of science by scientific institutions—in this case, Polish scientific societies of various fields. Basing on the analysis of the statutes of selected societies, I formulate a list of research questions that concern the role of scientific societies in distinguishing between what is considered scientific and what is not. These questions can be used in a more in-depth research. I adopt a constructivist perspective, focus on the ways in which science is produced and separated from pseudoscience, and do not address the (in)accuracy of claims rejected by the scientific world.
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Authors and Affiliations

Katarzyna Krzemińska
1

  1. studentka studiów II stopnia z socjologii, Instytut Socjologii, Wydział Filozoficzny, Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie, ul. Grodzka 52, 31–044 Kraków
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Abstract

Balanced distribution of air in coal-fired boiler is one of the most important factors in the combustion process and is strongly connected to the overall system efficiency. Reliable and continuous information about combustion airflow and fuel rate is essential for achieving optimal stoichiometric ratio as well as efficient and safe operation of a boiler. Imbalances in air distribution result in reduced boiler efficiency, increased gas pollutant emission and operating problems, such as corrosion, slagging or fouling. Monitoring of air flow trends in boiler is an effective method for further analysis and can help to appoint important dependences and start optimization actions. Accurate real-time monitoring of the air distribution in boiler can bring economical, environmental and operational benefits. The paper presents a novel concept for online monitoring system of air distribution in coal-fired boiler based on real-time numerical calculations. The proposed mathematical model allows for identification of mass flow rates of secondary air to individual burners and to overfire air (OFA) nozzles. Numerical models of air and flue gas system were developed using software for power plant simulation. The correctness of the developed model was verified and validated with the reference measurement values. The presented numerical model for real-time monitoring of air distribution is capable of giving continuous determination of the complete air flows based on available digital communication system (DCS) data.

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Authors and Affiliations

Paweł Madejski
Piotr Żymełka
Daniel Nabagło
Tomasz Janda
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Abstract

In 1999 research on the range of pollution of fishes in antropogenie water ecosystem was carried out. These are the first results of investigation on heavy metals in fishes of this part of Upper Silesia region, especially in the dam-reservoir of the Kłodnica river. Concentration of Pb, Cd, Cu, Ni, Zn, Cr, Mn, in flesh and liver of some species of fish (Rutilus rutilus, Tinca tinca, Cyprinus carpio, Esox Lucius, Perea fluviatilis) in antropogenie ecosystem of water is given. The Dzierżno Duże dam-reservoir is artificial reservoir on the Kłodnica river, which flows through the Silesia region, the most industrialized region in Poland. The Coal-mine waters and other industrial pollution were collected in the sediments in this lake for years. The range of heavy metals concentration is higher than established standards for fish-food. The investigations will be continued.
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Authors and Affiliations

Maciej Kostecki
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Abstract

Under the pretext of a discovery of a newspaper allegedly published in 1974 this article discusses reception selection research conducted at the Cracow Press Research Center in the second half of the 20th century.

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Authors and Affiliations

Agnieszka J. Cieślikowa
Ryszard Filas
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Abstract

Confronted with a natural tendency of marginalization national/ethnic minorities and immigrant communities respond by adopting two diverse strategies of showing their presence in the public sphere of the host country. Depending on the level of their integration and the goals they want to achieve, they can either stress their links (affinity) with the majority culture or the differences that mark them out. However, some minority communities succeed in achieving a distinctive presence in the public sphere already at the stage of launching its own media.

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Authors and Affiliations

Krzysztof Wasilewski
ORCID: ORCID
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Abstract

The consideration of uncertainties in numerical simulation is generally reasonable and is often indicated in order to provide reliable results, and thus is gaining attraction in various fields of simulation technology. However, in multibody system analysis uncertainties have only been accounted for quite sporadically compared to other areas.

The term uncertainties is frequently associated with those of random nature, i.e. aleatory uncertainties, which are successfully handled by the use of probability theory. Actually, a considerable proportion of uncertainties incorporated into dynamical systems, in general, or multibody systems, in particular, is attributed to so-called epistemic uncertainties, which include, amongst others, uncertainties due to a lack of knowledge, due to subjectivity in numerical implementation, and due to simplification or idealization. Hence, for the modeling of epistemic uncertainties in multibody systems an appropriate theory is required, which still remains a challenging topic. Against this background, a methodology will be presented which allows for the inclusion of epistemic uncertainties in modeling and analysis of multibody systems. This approach is based on fuzzy arithmetic, a special field of fuzzy set theory, where the uncertain values of the model parameters are represented by socalled fuzzy numbers, reflecting in a rather intuitive and plausible way the blurred range of possible parameter values. As a result of this advanced modeling technique, more comprehensive system models can be derived which outperform the conventional, crisp-parameterized models by providing simulation results that reflect both the system dynamics and the effect of the uncertainties.

The methodology is illustrated by an exemplary application of multibody dynamics which reveals that advanced modeling and simulation techniques using some well-thought-out inclusion of the presumably limiting uncertainties can provide significant additional benefit.

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Authors and Affiliations

Nico-Philipp Walz
Michael Hanss

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