The issue of energy security was the subject of research in the 1970s when the oil crisis of 1973 significantly affected the economic stability of hundreds of companies and ordinary citizens in the United States and Western Europe. One of the first researchers of energy security was Mason Willrich who, considering the impact of energy on international politics, national security, the world economy, and the environment in the world, drew attention to the issues of “security of supply” and “security of demand” as fundamental to ensure energy security. The concept of “energy security” involves the comprehensive implementation of political, economic, environmental, technological, and social measures to strengthen the internal subjectivity of the state and limit opportunities for external influence. Subsequently, numerous researchers have expanded the understanding of energy security to environmental sustainability and energy efficiency). The presented scientific work is focused on the analysis of state management decisions for ensuring the energy security of Ukraine. The authors also trace vulnerabilities in various energy systems, including energy infrastructure, energy services, and renewable energy sources. The decline in energy demand due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Ukraine has created a dilemma: state support for renewable energy production (RES), which generates rising producer prices, or reduced energy intensity of GDP and stimulated production of cheap nuclear energy. A comprehensive scientific analysis of the solution to this dilemma is the purpose of the presented work.

Asbestos cement sheets on building roofs and façades as well as asbestos cement water and sewerage pipes are the most frequently existing elements that contain asbestos in Poland. During removal from a specific building such a material automatically becomes hazardous waste. The presented paper covers studies carried out on leachability of pollutants from asbestos-containing waste, previously used for roofing. Laboratory tests under static conditions were carried out (1:10 test, pursuant to rules of the PN-EN 12457/1-4 standard) using distilled water as the leaching medium. Aluminium, boron, barium, cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, nickel, lead, strontium, zinc, and mercury were determined in the eluate. Low leachability of individual metals under the planned conditions was observed. In general, such metals as cadmium, nickel, lead, zinc, boron and mercury were not observed in solutions. The other analysed metals were observed in eluates, but their concentrations were usually low. The low leachability was found for barium (0.019 to 0.419 mg/dm3), chromium (0.019 to 0.095 mg/dm3), copper (0.006 to 0.019 mg/dm3), and iron (<0.01 to 0.017 mg/dm3). Increased leachability values were found only for strontium, between 0.267 and 4.530 mg/dm3, and aluminium, ranging from 0.603 to 3.270 mg/dm3. The analysed asbestos and cement materials feature a low percentage content of asbestos in flat and corrugated asbestos cement sheets (10–15%). Because of that it is possible to presume that pollutants characteristic of cement will be mainly present in products of leaching.

In late medieval England learned medicine leapt the walls of universities and became available to people with no formal medical training (cf. also Jones 1999, Jones 2004). This widespread interest in medicine was partly triggered by the vernacularisation of medical writings. This process involved, among other things, (1) gradual evolution of conventions and norms for, e.g. recipe writing (cf. Carroll 2004) and/or (2) employment of various strategies to adapt the texts to the new audience.The study will attempt to explain what strategies were employed to adapt medical texts, in particular recipes, to the intended audience, i.e., “who speaks [writes] what language to whom and when” (Fishman 1979: 15). For instance, some recipes contain foreign (mostly French and Latin) or sophisticated terminology whereas other recipe collections make use of vernacular resources. This implies that the language of medieval recipes might be the indicator of a social distinction between the readers. The data for the paper come from the Middle English Medical Texts (MEMT), a computerised collection of medical treatises written between 1330 and 1500.

In this article I discuss the need for more systematic integration of approaches dealing with religious beliefs and practices into the discussion about sources and areas of gender social changes that occur in global migration. Firstly, starting from the discussion about negative representations of religiosity in contemporary debates, I consider from theoretical and methodological perspectives why we should move the religious dimension from the margins more to the centre of analysis. Secondly, basing on an exploratory review of empirical research about intersections of religion and gender in the lives of in-ternational migrants, I discuss findings that reveal about religion as a potential mediator in the gen-dered revolution. I answer how they help to understand the complexities and ambivalences of social changes and identify the areas they concern. I argue that the revolutionary potential that arises at the intersection of migration, gender and religion is not limited to changing gender orders in religious organisations. It is religious beliefs themselves that influence migrants’ everyday lives and challenge the existing gendered contract in lay areas, in work relations, civic and political participation.

The aim of this work is to examine the impact of the hydrogen blended natural gas on the linepack energy under emergency scenarios of the pipeline operation. Production of hydrogen from renewable energy sources through electrolysis and subsequently injecting it into the natural gas network, gives flexibility in power grid regulation and the energy storage. In this context, knowledge about the hydrogen percentage content, which can safely effect on materials in a long time steel pipeline service during transport of the hydrogen-natural gas mixture, is essential for operators of a transmission network. This paper first reviews the allowable content of hydrogen that can be blended with natural gas in existing pipeline systems, and then investigates the impact on linepack energy with both startup and shutdown of the compressors scenarios. In the latter case, an unsteady gas flow model is used. To avoid spurious oscillations in the solution domain, a flux limiter is applied for the numerical approximation. The GERG-2008 equation of state is used to calculate the physical properties. For the case study, a tree-topological high pressure gas network, which have been inservice for many years, is selected. The outcomes are valuable for pipeline operators to assess the security of supply.

Życie i twórczość Cypriana Godebskiego można widzieć jako modelowy przykład kariery artysty XIX-wiecznego, realizowanej w Paryżu, ale także w wielu innych ośrodkach i na prowincji artystycznej Europy od lat 60. XIX do początków XX stulecia. Jednocześnie jego los stanowi pod pewnymi względami przypadek nietypowy (zwłaszcza dla polskiej emigracji), całkowitej asymilacji kulturowej. Urodzony we Francji w rodzinie politycznego emigranta, kształcił się w Paryżu, ale początki jego kariery rzeźbiarskiej wiążą się z Wiedniem, Lwowem, Petersburgiem. Następnie przez kilka lat Godebski był ważną postacią kultury belgijskiej, jako zięć znanego wirtuoza Adriena-François Servaisa, którego dom pod Brukselą dekorował i którego pomnik w Halle należy do najlepszych rzeźb artysty. Osiadłszy wreszcie w Paryżu, prowadził tam (korzystając równocześnie z dobrodziejstw Carrary) życie światowe i szeroką działalność artystyczną. Pracował dla Polaków, Rosjan, Belgów, Francuzów, Węgrów, uprawiając twórczość „juste milieu” w kilku gatunkach (portrety, sceny mitologiczne, pomniki). Sukcesy zawdzięczał znakomitemu rzemiosłu, ale także starannie planowanemu życiu towarzyskiemu i umiejętnościom marketingowym. Jego paryskie i podparyskie rezydencje stawały się salonami goszczącymi znakomitości europejskiego życia muzycznego i literackiego. Jedna z ostatnich jego rzeźb, wielka grupa Madonny rozbitków na przylądku Pointe du Raz w Bretanii, realizowana była przy świetnym wykorzystaniu lokalnej i ogólnopaństwowej koniunktury politycznej w okresie napięć na linii władze państwowe – Kościół katolicki we Francji ok. 1900 r. Zapomniane dziś zasługi Godebskiego wiążą się również ze wspieraniem polskich emigrantów, artystów, pisarzy we Francji, a także organizacją wystawy sztuki polskiej w Paryżu w 1900 r. Biografia ta winna więc być widziana nie tylko jako żywot artysty rzeźbiarza, lecz również – przedsiębiorcy, mecenasa, organizatora, światowca.

A Polish translation, with commentary, of an Egyptian novella about king Nectanebo II and a certain hieroglyph carver, attested on fragments of one Greek and four demotic papyri.