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Abstract

In the initial stage of the growing season, the accumulation of autumn and winter precipitation moisture in poorly draining soil in arid conditions in the Northern region of Kazakhstan was a serious production problem. Research methods included measurements of autumn and winter moisture reserves in poorly draining soil and snow on the backgrounds of ordinary stubble, stubble coulisses and tall stubble left after stripper header (continuous combing) with and without autumn chiselling. The study revealed that the use of the continuous combing and stubble coulisses on poor draining soil: (a) sup-ports reserves of moisture in autumn soil; (b) the lack of chiselling leads to increased water runoff and the formation of li-mans in the fields. The use of stubble coulisses during snowy winters allowed moisture reserves in the snow to be increased in comparison with the stubble background. The use of chiselling on the background of stubble coulisses allowed: (a) to reduce runoff moisture loss in poorly draining soil by 35–50% after snowy winters, by 25–35% after little snowy winters, and prevent the formation of limans in the fields; (b) in comparison with the stubble background to increase the total re-serves of autumn-winter moisture in poorly draining soil by 61–105 mm in favourable years, and by 57 mm in years with the low autumn-winter precipitation. The use of chiselling on a stubble background did not significantly affect the total re-serves of autumn-winter moisture in poorly draining soil.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Vladimir L. Astafyev
1
ORCID: ORCID
Pavel G. Ivanchenko
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Kostanay Branch of LLC Scientific Production Center of Agricultural Engineering, 110011, Kostanay, Abai Avenue, 34, Kazakhstan
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Abstract

The regulations of the new Maritime Code and the statute on maritime safety pose many practical problems. Recent court judgements and administrative decisions regarding agreements and pilot fees signal the intensification of these problems, which are addressed in this paper. Appropriate conclusions, de lege ferenda, are drawn from this, including the conclusion that the profession of sea pilot could possibly be regulated in the same manner as other professions.
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Authors and Affiliations

Zbigniew Godecki
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Abstract

ARGUMENTUM

Narratur de Francisco Terlikowski, linguae Latinae magistro, qui edidit varia scriptorum antiquorum opera ad usum in scholis destinata atque librum, in quo antiquorum vitam et litteras discipulis monstrat. Qui liber, primum impressus anno 1893, in XL annorum spatio multas editiones habuit.

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Authors and Affiliations

Justyna Łukszewska-Haberkowa

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