Abstract: The present study was carried out to develop a valid and reliable scale for assessing enthusiasm among teachers teaching at the school level.
Methods: After reviewing the literature and discussing with experts, an item pool of 115 statements was created. The items were organized into seven dimensions of teacher enthusiasm based on factors generated after performing exploratory factor analysis. These seven dimensions were: Interest and Engagement (IE), Interaction with Students (IWS), Passion for Teaching (PT), Creativity and Innovation (CI), Professional Development (PD), Subject Knowledge Enrichment (SKE), and Professional Commitment (PC). The responses of teachers were taken on five points Likert scale. The standardization of the scale was completed on 558 teachers, who were teaching at Primary, Secondary and Senior Secondary level schools in the state of Haryana in India. Multi-stage random sampling was used to select the sample.
Results: Item analysis was done by calculating t-value and r-value for each statement; twenty items were deleted and 95 items were retained. Factor analysis (principal component methods) generated seven factors behind the teacher enthusiasm scale which explain 44.02% of the total variance together. Cronbach's Alpha of the final teacher enthusiasm scale was .957. The final teacher enthusiasm scale contains 78 items.
Discussion: The findings of the present study suggest that it would be a useful tool for future research and will help in assessing the enthusiasm of the teachers. The results have demonstrated that this teacher enthusiasm scale is a reliable and valid tool.
Implications for practitioners: The teacher enthusiasm scale would be useful for different stakeholders (government, school administration and management) as they can evaluate the enthusiasm of teachers while selection process and due weightage can be given to the enthusiastic candidates. Enthusiastic teachers can work effectively for children with special needs along with normal students.

The paper presents the results of studies on quartzite milling in a ball mill. The milling was conducted in a batch system, for diversified compositions of balls. The milling product was subjected to granulometrical, morphological and strength analyses. On the basis of the developed Reid's theory and using the Austin-Gardner equation, a form of the function circumscribing the specific rate of comminution of selected size fractions was determined. The values of the breakage rate function bi, j for the mill's apparatus conditions were determined. The impact was investigated for a variable number of grinding media contact points on the values of specific rate S and the values of the breakage rate function bi, j. Furthermore, the values of coefficients occurring in the equations circumscribing the specific rate of milling S and breakage parameter bi, j were determined.

This paper intends to present an semantic and cultural analysis of Rabī‛ Jābir’s novel Druzes of Belgrade. Published in 2011, the story deals with a period in Slavic history of the 19th century that parallels the reality of Middle East in the same time. The aim of the contribution is to examine the narrative context of historical events in the hero’s life which are narrated primarily through the juxtaposition of historical facts. Distinctions that are made between the real and the imaginary in the novel are bound to mystify – perhaps even mask – the historical and cultural relationship between Arab and Slavs. The writer is not only involved in producing the story of the mutual Arab – Slavic (co)existence within the Ottoman empire in Lebanon and Balkan as well, but is equally intent on providing the story behind the (hi)story. As a mode of representing reality the analysed literary work isn’ t neutral; it presupposes system of moral values which underlies the Arab Christian hero’s factual statements connected with the powerstructure and power-relations of the Ottoman society the protagonist lives in. Between history and narrative literature exists a relationship of complementarity that can only enrich and deepen reader’s understanding of a given culture and society. The narrative representations of historical facts in the novel Druzes of Belgrade are semantic and philosophical operations and as such can be misrepresentations according to Rabī‛ Jābir’s literary tendency in a specific historical and intellectual setting.