The main problem of tunnelling with use of TBM in highly dense urban areas is to assign the range of subsiding trough and the impact of tunnelling works on existing buildings and underground or road infrastructure. The paper presents the results of settlements calculations over twin tube metro tunnel using analytical, empirical methods. The tunnel external diameter is 6,5 m ; the overburden vary from 5 m to 8 m ; the distance between tunnel axis is 14 m. Because of quaternary soils and high water table level the TBM type EBP was chosen as the method of tunnel construction. At the length of 502 m of tunnel the monitoring system was carried out in 22 cross sections. The results of settlements monitoring were compared with the values of analytical calculations.

Confinement in concrete can improve the descending branch of the stress-strain relationship of concrete. The addition of steel fiber in concrete can also improve the descending branch of the stress-strain relationship of concrete. The combination of the use of both can double the impact significantly on the post-peak response. It can be seen from the trend of the post-peak response that the values of both 0.85fccf and 0.5fccf can be well predicted. The study involved an experimental investigation on the effect of confinement on square column specimens reinforced with steel fiber. From the experimental program, it is proven that the use of combination of confining steel and steel fiber works very well which is indicated by the better improvement on the post-peak response. The proposed equations can predict the actual stress-strain curves quite accurately which include the effects of confinement parameters (Zm) and steel fiber volumetric parameter (Vf).

Leaded and unleaded petrol samples as well as diesel oil samples were analysed lo determine Cd. Cr. Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn and As concentrations. In order lo obtain low detection limits new method of samples preparation was used. The fuel samples were dissolved in hydroraffinate which was the crude oil fraction obtained as a result of atmospheric distillation in the range of I 50---250°C. The obtained data on the metal concentrations in the investigated fuels allow determining the following emission factors of traffic fuels consumption processes [mg/kg fuel]: leaded and unleaded petrol - Cr - 0,5; Cu - 0,3; Ni - 0.5; Pb - 50 (leaded): Pb - 5 (unleaded); diesel fuel - Cd - 0,05: Cu - 0,3: Ni - 0.5. It was found in the investigations that traffic fuels consumption is not the source of Zn and As emission. The same refers to Cd emission in case of leaded and unleaded petrol consumption. On the basis of the identified emission factors Pb emission from traffic in Poland for years 1980---1999 as well as Cd, Cr, Cu and Ni emission for I 999 were assessed. The following emission in 1999 was determined as a result of the assessment [Mg]: Cd - 0,3: Cr - 2,9: Cu - 3,5 and Ni - 5,9. Emission of Pbu, was 237.6 Mg and Pb1.,w 79,2 Mg. These emissions were also compared with the total metal emissions in Poland.

The Author discusses in this paper the usefulness of the Foucault's term "knowledge-rule" in the historical analysis of a discourse on everyday life of the workers in Polish kolkhozes in communist time.