Solidification/Stabilization (S/S) method with cement as a binder to remediate metals in petroleum sludge has been successfully proven. However, this technique has not yet been explored to remediate organic contaminants since a high concentration of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) was also detected in the sludge. This study focuses on remediating 16 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) compounds in raw petroleum sludge with Portland cement as a binder using the S/S method. The initial concentration of 16 PAHs in the raw sludge was first measured before the performance of the S/S method to remediate the PAHs were evaluated. The S/S matrices were tested for leaching behavior and strength after 7 and 28 days by air curing. The leaching test was measured using the Toxicity Characteristics Leaching Procedure (TCLP), and the remaining PAHs concentration in the matrices was analyzed using a Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS). In the raw sludge, all 16 PAHs compounds were below the standard limit except for Benzo(a)anthracene, Benzo(a)pyrene, Dibenzo(ah)anthracene, and Indeno(1,2,3- cd_ pyrene), which are considered as high rings PAHs. The high rings PAHs show lower concentration in leachate than low rings PAHs, which indicates the potential of the S/S method in remediating high rings PAHs. The high sludge ratio in S/S matrices has shown that the percentage strength is increasing, similar to Portland cement. Therefore, this study contributed to the possibility of the S/S method in the remediation of PAHs in petroleum sludge by using only Portland cement as a binder.

Hot tearing severity was evaluated in this experiment by introducing a new apparatus called Constrained Rod Casting Modified Horizontal (CRCM-Horizontal). Six constraint bars with different lengths can produce hot tearing on the cast sample. Mold position was modified from vertical to horizontal and the shape was changed from a harp shape to a star shape, which allows for the liquid metal to feed into each rod cavity simultaneously. Hot tearing development was recorded along the bars by a digital camera. A new Hot Tearing Susceptibility (HTS) formula was developed for quantitative investigation of hot tearing on a cast sample. The parameters of the HTS formula are bar length of cast sample (Li), tear severity (Ci) and location of hot tear (Pi). Footprint charts and hot tear scales are used to illustrate hot tearing severity. The experiment was conducted with Al-1.36Zn-1.19Si and Al-5.9Cu-1.9Mg alloys to investigate the sensibility of the apparatus and modification its operation.