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Transition towards sustainable energy production: where does Bangladesh stand as the worst hit by climate change?

Md Moynul Ahsan Showrov Rahman Md. Sakib Hossain Soad Shajid
Polityka Energetyczna - Energy Policy Journal | 2021 | vol. 24 | No 3 | 121-140
Keywords energy sector eenewable energy climate change energy policy Bangladesh
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Abstract

Bangladesh is the seventh climate risky country in the world located in South Asia. Progressive economic growth, rapid industrialization and other development efforts are transforming Bangladesh towards a middle-income country. To cope up with the rapid economic growth, the energy supply needs to match energy demand. On the other hand, energy is at the heart of the solution to climate challenge as two-thirds of global greenhouse gas emissions come from the energy sector. At present, around 62% of total electricity depends on gas-fired power generation but its stock is depleting fast due to the increased rate of extraction and use. Considering the shortage of natural resources and being a country worst hit by climate change, the existing state, future prospects, renewable energy policies in Bangladesh are needed to be evaluated to make the existing energy sector more sustainable and modern. A thorough description from secondary sources of the energy sector in Bangladesh is provided in this paper with a special emphasis on the current scenario and future prospects of electricity generation, existing policy issues by using various renewable energy sources. Moreover, a comparison is made regarding the progress in renewable energy sector of Bangladesh with the countries most affected by global climate change. This comparison provides a perspective of how Bangladesh is progressing towards sustainable energy transition while facing problems due to climate change. Finally, recommendations are provided to advance the development of the existing energy sector of Bangladesh to turn it into a sustainable energy sector.
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Authors and Affiliations

Md Moynul Ahsan
1
ORCID: ORCID
Showrov Rahman
2
ORCID: ORCID
Md. Sakib Hossain
3
ORCID: ORCID
Soad Shajid
3
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Department of Real Estate Development and Management, Ankara University, Turkey
  2. Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Gazi University, Turkey
  3. Department of Mechanical and Production Engineering, Islamic University of Technology (IUT), Bangladesh

A study on loan repayment options for power plant construction: a case study of the son la hydropower plant, Vietnam

Le Tat Tu Vu Minh Phap Nguyen Thi Thu Huong
Polityka Energetyczna - Energy Policy Journal | 2023 | vol. 26 | No 2 | 121-140
Keywords economic effects electric power system hydropower plant investment NPV IRR
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Abstract

Using loans is an effective solution for the investment and construction of energy works in general and power plants in particular, especially for developing countries. In economic and financial studies of the project investment preparation stage, the options of using capital and paying interest will be taken into account to minimize risks and increase the project’s ability to pay due debts. However, it is difficult to know which loan repayment option is the most beneficial for the project and when the risk is for the project in the context of debt repayment. The current economic and financial analysis of the project mainly focuses on determining the feasibility of the project through basic parameters, such as net present value (NPV), benefit – cost – ratio (B/C), internal rate of return (IRR), profitability index (PI) and payback period (PP). These parameters do not indicate the most difficult time to pay off the project’s loans. This paper analyzes two options for repayment of long-term loans in Vietnam using the case study of Son La hydropower plant to clarify the above difficult times and recommend a suitable repayment plan for the power project. The analytical method is used to actualize the cash flow of capital and interest during the construction and operation of the works. In Option 1, the debt is paid annually for interest and capital with a constant amount of money during the repayment period. In Option 2, the original dept without interest is paid with a constant amount of money during the repayment period, the interest (due to the remaining original capital) must be paid in the year when the interest is incurred. The study results show that the amount of the annual payment in option 1 is smaller than in Option 2 in the first four years (of ten years of debt repayment). Thus, capital and interest payment in Option 2 may be more detrimental than Option 1 in the first three years of debt repayment, and the amount of money from debt repayment is greater than the profit obtained from power generation. Thus, depending on the profit in the first years when the power plant comes into operation, the investor needs to decide on a reasonable way to repay the loan so that the project can self-finance.
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Authors and Affiliations

Le Tat Tu
1
ORCID: ORCID
Vu Minh Phap
1
ORCID: ORCID
Nguyen Thi Thu Huong
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Institute of Energy Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Viet Nam

Translator ethics in non-censored translations of press articles from English into Polish in post-communist Poland

Edyta Źrałka
LINGUISTICA SILESIANA | 2023 | vol. 44 | No 1 | 121-140 | DOI: 10.24425/linsi.2023.144826
Keywords non-censored translations translator ethics translation techniques political correctness free speech
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Abstract

The paper aims to test a hypothesis of introducing free speech in Polish translations instead of censored renderings typical of post-World War II reality after 1989 when communists lost the parliamentary elections (4th June) and stopped ruling Poland. The new political reality of a democratic system was reasserted by abolishing the censorship apparatus in 1990.
The analysis is based on articles from a magazine Forum. Przegląd Prasy Światowej, which are Polish translations of 10 source texts (STs) - selected articles concerning Polish issues from The New York Times. The STs and their Polish translations have been compared in detail to be able to evaluate the target texts (TTs) according to their correspondence with the STs.
In lieu of the censorship rule of hiding unwanted content and manipulating the audience, also with the propaganda language ( Newspeak), after 1990, the only remaining type of information flow blockage was self-censorship or superiors’ interference. The analysis will discover how topics changed, what happened to the language of propaganda, how the contents of STs are revealed in translations, and what translation techniques are applied in the process of transferring the ST message. The questions posed are, first, how accurate the translations after 1990 are, and second, what reasons might have occurred to have avoided the publication of some contents.
The analysis will be the basis for evaluating translators’ ethics in ST content delivery by reference to Andrew Chesterman (1997, 2001, 2018), Anthony Pym (2001, 2012), Jeremy Munday (2012), Juliane House (2015), and others.
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Authors and Affiliations

Edyta Źrałka
1
  1. University of Silesia

WAMS - based control of series FACTS devices installed in tie-lines of interconnected power system

Łukasz Nogal Jan Machowski
Archives of Electrical Engineering | 2010 | vol. 59 | No 3 - 4 December | 121-140 | DOI: 10.2478/s10171-010-0010-3
Keywords power system control transient stability FACTS WAMS
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Abstract

This paper addresses the state-variable stabilising control of the power system using such series FACTS devices as TCPAR installed in the tie-line connecting control areas in an interconnected power system. This stabilising control is activated in the transient state and is supplementary with respect to the main steady-state control designed for power flow regulation. Stabilising control laws, proposed in this paper, have been derived for a linear multi-machine system model using direct Lyapunov method with the aim to maximise the rate of energy dissipation during power swings and therefore maximisation their damping. The proposed control strategy is executed by a multi-loop controller with frequency deviations in all control areas used as the input signals. Validity of the proposed state-variable control has been confirmed by modal analysis and by computer simulation for a multi-machine test system.
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Authors and Affiliations

Łukasz Nogal
Jan Machowski

Difficult beginnings... The economic activities of Władysław Zamoyski during the first years after the purchase of Zakopane

Mirosław Kwieciński
Pamiętnik Biblioteki Kórnickiej | 2012 | tom 29 | 121-140
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Abstract

This article deals with the question of why economic conditions and changes, based on the potentialities of the landed properties of Władysław Zamoyski (Kórnik and Zakopane), were used by him only to a certain degree. One should notice that Count Zamoyski initiated several economic projects with proper calculations, being often motivated by a patriotic spirit or national needs, which played an important role for him. It is striking that he did not use the possibilities which were created by the fact that Zakopane developed as a popular tourist resort and spa. Similarly, his Kórnik properties did not benefit from their close proximity to the large industrial and economic centre of Poznań. It usually took him rather a long time before he made decisions, being influenced by unjustified prejudices or paying attention to decidedly minor problems. All these factors diminished the chances for economic prosperity and efficiency for Zamoyski’s projects. On the other hand, it was he who contributed significantly to the development of several enterprises, and not his opponents. It should suffice here just to mention the Tatry National Park, Kuźnice, Kórnik Castle and Library and, finally, the „Zakłady Kórnickie” Foundation, which are the most convincing examples.

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Authors and Affiliations

Mirosław Kwieciński

Establishing evaluative homogeneity: conflicts around the 2019 List of scientific journals

Jakub Krzeski Krystian Szadkowski Emanuel Kulczycki
Nauka | 2023 | No 4 | 121-140 | DOI: 10.24425/nauka.2023.148231
Keywords evaluative homogenity national journal ranking scholarly communication epistemic cultures evaluative gap
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Abstract

This article presents the results of a study on the process of creating evaluative homogeneity within the Polish performance-based research funding system. To achieve this, the creation process of the national journal ranking from 2019 was analysed in two scientific disciplines: biology and history. The selection of this case is motivated by its particular nature – the creation of the list using bibliometric indicators and expert input. Therefore, the following question was posed: What guided the actors participating in the process of creating the list using bibliometric indicators when introducing changes to its original form? To answer this question, mixed methods were applied. Firstly, a quantitative analysis was conducted on the changes introduced to the ranking during its various stages of creation. Secondly, a qualitative analysis was carried out on partially structured interviews regarding the motivations of the actors. Through qualitative and quantitative analysis, the study revealed the extent to which actors influence the form that evaluative homogeneity takes within the Polish system. Through qualitative analysis and quantitative results, the study revealed the extent to which actors influence the form that evaluative homogeneity takes in the Polish system. Furthermore, the article argues that the form that evaluative homogeneity takes is dictated by how actors position themselves in relation to two opposing forces: heterogeneity and homogeneity, and the practice and form of research quality evaluation as seen through their prism. The text concludes with a short epilogue, updating the findings of the study beyond its time frame.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jakub Krzeski
1 2
Krystian Szadkowski
2
Emanuel Kulczycki
2
  1. Wydział Filozofii i Nauk Społecznych na Uniwersytecie Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu
  2. Pracownia Komunikacji Naukowej na Uniwersytecie im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu

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