Amplitude modulation increases the annoyance caused by wind turbine noise. One gets the improved annoyance when a penalty is added to the measured or calculated time-average sound level. The amplitude modulated wind turbine noise consists of pulses. Each of them could be characterized by the short timeaverage sound level and the modulation depth. The latter determines the pulse penalty. This paper shows how to calculate the improved annoyance of amplitude modulated wind turbine noise, when the short time-average sound level and the penalty for each pulse are known. A special case of identical pulses is discussed. The proposed methodology needs to be tested by research.

Using doubled haploid technologies inbreeding can significantly reduce the time to obtain homozygous parental lines required for the production of F1-hybrid of vegetable crops. This study aims to investigate the influence of factors on the efficiency of carrot embryogenesis in isolated microspore culture to optimise the elements of protocol for producing doubled haploids. Microspores were isolated from inflorescences of 21 genotypes and incubated in NLN13 medium supplemented with 0.1 mg·dm ^–3 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acids, 0.1 mg·dm ^–3 1-naphthyl acetic acids, 130 g·dm ^–3 sucrose, and 400 mg·dm ^–3 casein hydrolysate and its modifications. Embryoids and their groups were formed after 2–6 months, in some cases after 12 months of cultivation. Depending on the variant, the embryogenesis efficiency averaged from 0 to 4.9 embryoids or groups of embryoids per Petri dish (10 cm ³). Embryoids within the group were formed from different microspores. No significant effects of inflorescence position on the plant (branching order), sucrose, and casein hydrolysate concentration in the medium were observed. Significant advantages (p ≥ 0.05) for some genotypes were shown: 1) microspore suspension density 4·104 cells·cm ^–3 (5.0 embryoids per Petri dish were formed at a microspore suspension density of 4·104 cells·cm ^–3, 0.0 embryoids per Petri dish at a density of 8·104 cells·cm ^–3); 2) cultivating microspores of tetrad and early mononuclear stage (4.9 ±3.1 embryoids per Petri dish were obtained by culturing tetrads and early mononuclear microspores, while 0.6 ±0.7 embryoids per Petri dish were obtained by culturing of later developmental stages); 3) high-temperature treatment duration of five days (4.9 ±2.1 embryoids per Petri dish were obtained after five days of high-temperature treatment, 2.7 ±2.6 embryoids per Petri dish formed after two days of high-temperature treatment; 9.8 ±4.7, 10.1 ±6.1, 0.0 ±0.0 embryoids per Petri dish formed after two, five and eight days of high-temperature treatment respectively); 4) adding colchicine 0.5 mg·dm ^–3 to the nutrient medium for two days of high-temperature treatment, followed by medium replacement (3.3 ±2.6 embryoids per Petri dish were obtained by using a nutrient medium with colchicine, while 1.7 ±1.5 embryoids per Petri dish were obtained by culturing in the reference variant).

In contemporary high-pressure die casting foundries, the mastery of each sequence in the production cycle is more and more important. In the paper, an example of virtual analysis of gearbox casting from Al alloy will be presented. It includes a large variety of parameters, as follows: choosing of appropriate foundry technology, calculation of computer simulation of casting process which takes into account the filling process of cold chamber and filling of cavity, model description of three phases in high-pressure die casting, flow of molten metal, solidification, formation of stress and deformations. Additionally, the optimization of cooling and heating systems will be compared with calculated volume defects, dimensions of castings and their deformations with experimentally obtained values.

Macroscopic coefficients together with a Darcy law are obtained for porous piezoelectric medium with random, not necessarily ergodic, distribution of pores in which a two-ionic electrolyte flows. Peculiarities of stochastic porosity are indicated.