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Number of results: 7
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Abstract

To study the influence of structural features of phthalocyanine (Pc) derivatives on their physico-chemical properties in bulk and thin films, 23 new phthalocyanines with different quantity and ratio of donor (alkyloxy-groups, in fragment “A”) and acceptor (Cl-, in fragment “B”) substituents in one molecule of the A3B, ABAB and AABB types with varied length of alkyloxy-substituents and their metal complexes were designed and synthesized. A comparative analysis of spectral, mesomorphic and photoelectric properties of these mix-substituted phthalocyanines of a “push–pull” type was performed. It was shown that non-peripheral substitution by alkyloxy-fragments in hetero-substituted Pcs (similar to homo-substituted Pc) leads to red-shifting of the Q-band into near-IR region. The intensity of photoluminescence, position of peaks and their splitting are strongly connected with chemical structure of Pcs and the type of solvent. In contrast to non-mesogenic octyloxy-Pc (A4) having alkyloxy-substituents in non-peripheral positions, 22 of 23 synthesized compounds possess columnar mesomorphism. The change of donor–acceptor ratio can influence the type of mesophase. A new approach to the creation of materials for optoelectronics is proposed and implemented, which includes design of compounds possessing vitrification from mesophase with maintenance of a columnar order, absorption in the near IR-region of the spectrum and good performance electrophysical characteristics simultaneously.

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Authors and Affiliations

N.V. Usol’tseva
A.I. Smirnova
A.V. Kazak
N.I. Giricheva
N.E. Galanin
G.P. Shaposhnikov
V.V. Bodnarchuk
S.V. Yablonskii
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Abstract

The microalloying elements such as Nb, V are added to control the microstructure and mechanical properties of microalloyed (HSLA) steels. High chemical affinity of these elements for interstitials (N, C) results in precipitation of binary compound, nitrides and carbides and products of their mutual solubility – carbonitrides. The chemical composition of austenite, as well as the content and geometric parameters of undissolved precipitates inhibiting the growth of austenite grains is important for predicting the microstructure, and thus the mechanical properties of the material. Proper selection of the chemical composition of the steel makes it possible to achieve the required properties of the steel at the lowest possible manufacturing cost. The developed numerical model of carbonitrides precipitation process was used to simulate and predict the mechanical properties of HSLA steels. The effect of Nb and V content to change the yield strength of these steels was described. Some comparison with literature was done.
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Bibliography

[1] Adrian H. (2011). Numerical modeling of heat treatment processes. AGH Kraków. (in Polish).
[2] European Committee for Standardization (2019). Hot Rolled Products of Structural Steels: Technical Delivery Conditions for Flat Products of High Yield Strength Structural Steels in the Quenched and Tempered Condition
[3] Jan, F., Jaka, B. & Grega, K. (2021). Grain size evolution and mechanical properties of Nb, V–Nb, and Ti–Nb boron type S1100QL steels. Metals. 11(3), 492. https://doi.org/10.3390/met11030492.
[4] Gladman, T. (1997). The physical metallurgy of microalloyed steels institute of materials. vol. 363. London, UK. Search in. [5] Blicharski, M. (2004). Materials engineering: steel. WNT: Warszawa. (in Polish).
[6] Marynowski, P., Adrian, H. & Głowacki, M. (2019) Modeling of the kinetics of carbonitride precipitation process in high-strength low-alloy steels using cellular automata method. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance. 28(7), 4018-4025. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-019-04170-4.
[7] Marynowski, P., Adrian, H. & Głowacki, M. (2018). Cellular Automata model of carbonitrides precipitation process in steels. Computer Methods in Materials Science. 18(4), 120-128. ISSN 1641-8581.
[8] Marynowski, P., Adrian, H. & Głowacki, M. (2013). Cellular automata model of precipitation in microalloyed niobium steels. Computer Methods in Materials Science. 13(4), 452-459. ISSN 1641-8581.
[9] Adrian, H. (1992). Thermodynamic model for precipitation of carbonitrides in high strength low alloy steels containing up to three microalloying elements with or without additions of aluminum. Materials Science and Technology. 8, 406-420. https://doi.org/10.1179/mst.1992.8.5.406.
[10] Adrian, H. (1995). Thermodynamic model of carbonitride precipitation in low-alloy steels with increased strength with application to hardenability tests. Kraków: AGH. (in Polish).
[11] Adrian, H. (1995). Thermodynamic calculations of carbonitride precipitation as a guide for alloy design of microalloyed steels. In Proceedings of the International Conference Microalloying'95, 11-14 June 1995(285-307). Pittsburgh.
[12] Adrian, H. (1999). A mechanism for the effect of vanadium on the hardenability of medium carbon manganese steel. Materials Science and Technology. 15, 366-378. https://doi.org/10.1179/026708399101505987.
[13] Cuddy, L.J. & Raley, J.C. (1987). Austenite grain coarsening in microalloyed steels. Metallurgical Transactions A. 14, 1989-1995. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02662366.
[14] Cuddy, L.J. (1984). The effect of micro alloy concentration on the recrystallization of austenite during hot deformation. Processing of Microalloyed Austenite (Pittsburgh) TMS-AIME Warrendale PA.
[15] Goldschmidt, H.J. (1967). Interstitial Alloys. Butterworth-Heinermann.
[16] Lifschitz, I.M. & Slyozov, V.V. (1961). The kinetics of precipitation from supersaturated solid solution. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids. 19(1/2), 35-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3697(61)90054-3.
[17] Zając, S., Siwecki, T. & Hutchinson, W.B. (1998). Lagneborg R. The role of carbon in enhancing precipitation strengthening of V-microalloyed steels. Material Science Forum. 284, 295-302. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.284-286.295.
[18] Langberg, R., Hutchinson, W.B., Siwecki, T. & Zając, T. (2014). The role of vanadium in microalloyed steels. Sweden: Swerea KIMAB
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Authors and Affiliations

Przemysław Marynowski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Marcin Hojny
1
Tomasz Dębiński
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. AGH University of Krakow, Poland
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Abstract

The general area of understanding is inclusions in steel both metallic and nonmetallic in nature. This work has also used the concepts of inclusions in steel in general other than Ti however mainly the research works done on precipitation, solute segregation, grain developments and equilibrium aspects of important inclusions like Ti in steel have been probed. Interaction of inclusions with slag oxides has also been incorporated. Interdependence of elements common in-between many inclusions has been marked. TiN, TixOy and MnS inclusions have been very outstanding in the confines of present research. Ratios and effective concentration have been highlighted in certain cases around the topic. Type of steels, compositions of the constituent elements and temperature correlation has been spotted in certain environments. A suggestive relation with the steel properties has also been inferred. Hardness, corrosion behaviour and strength stand out to be the parameters of vital importance when considering Ti inclusions in the form of either TiN or TixOy. Certain inclusions like MnS seem to nucleate on TiN inclusions and there is a correlation evident certainly in case of complex alloys.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ali R. Sheikh
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. AGH University of Science and Technology, Poland
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Abstract

This paper highlights the storage charging and discharging issue. The study objective is to manage the energy inputs and outputs of the principal grid at the same time in order to maximize profit while decreasing costs, as well as to ensure the availability of energy according to demand and the decisions to either save or search for energy. A fuzzy logic control model is applied in MATLAB Simulink to deal with the system’s uncertainties in scheduling the storage battery technology and the charging- discharging. The results proved that the fuzzy logic model has the potential to efficiently lower fluctuations and prolong the lifecycle.
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Authors and Affiliations

Meryem Meliani
1
ORCID: ORCID
Abdellah El Barkany
1
Ikram El Abbassi
2
Rafik Absi
2
Faouaz Jeffali
3

  1. Mechanical Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Morocco
  2. ECAM, EPMI, France
  3. Laboratory of Materials, Waves, Energy and Environment, Mohammed First University, Morocco
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Abstract

The most important item of city activity is to define development directions. Because of strategic character of this issue, a very important thing is inhabitants’ contribution in decision making. Cooperation between them and city authorities should lead to positive changes in the city and inhabitants’ life quality. They learn social engagement when taking part in determining of city development directions. Showing their creativity and building social relationships in city area. The aim of the paper was determining problems of participation in the describing of city development directions process. In the research there were used several methods: literature studies, logical construction, deduction and observations.

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Authors and Affiliations

Stanisław Korenik
Dorota Rynio
Keywords monorchism children
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Abstract

Monorchism in children can be caused by congenital and acquired conditions, and can potentially infl uence the hormonal and reproductive function of an individual in the long term. Depending on the etiology, diff erent approaches to the solitary testis have been suggested; however, studies on this topic are scarce. Prevention of anorchia is the main goal in the management of a child with monarchism. The risk of bilateral testicular loss must be weighed against the risk of performing surgery on a healthy gonad. Little is known about the long-term consequences of the various methods for fixation of the testis. This paper provides an up-to-date summary of the current literature on congenital and acquired monarchism in childhood.

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Authors and Affiliations

Jakub Szmer
Rafał Chrzan

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