Search results

Filters

  • Journals
  • Authors
  • Keywords
  • Date
  • Type

Search results

Number of results: 5
items per page: 25 50 75
Sort by:
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The international community has conventions which regulate matters connected with the transport of cargoes by sea. In the second half o f the twentieth century an attempt was made to regulate multimodal transport. In 1980, under the auspices o f UNCTAD, a Convention on International Multimodal Transport of Goods was adopted. However, it has still not been implemented. It is a move in the direction of the complete regulation of the transport of goods by various means of transport. In 2001 the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) began work on a convention relating to international goods transport. The new convention is intended to replace the La Haye Regulations, the La Haye/Wisby regulations and the Hamburg regulations. The author of this paper considers that the application of unified principles to various means of transport maybe be unsuccessful. The project for the future convention applies to the transport of cargoes wholly or in part by sea. The author refers to maritime transport law and shows what changes the future convention is to introduce.

Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Dorota Lost-Siemińska
ORCID: ORCID
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Introduction: Trauma is one of the leading causes of death in the European Union. The European Trauma Course (ETC) is a training course that focuses on administering aid to trauma patients in a Hospital’s Emergency Department by creating an effective and well-organized trauma team. The purpose of the study is to analyze how the ETC training is evaluated by its participants and whether it is tailored to local needs.

Materials and Methodology: The study includes eight courses conducted between 2010 and 2015, involving 109 medical professionals. Participants were given questionnaires where they could evaluate the various aspects of the course and comment on each of them, using a four-level scale. Finally, 78 surveys were qualified for the study.

Results: The exercises were very highly rated (average 3.79 points), mainly for their interesting scenarios and station preparation. Equally well-evaluated was the short and concise method of instruction. The lowest ranked aspect was the course fee (2.41 points). There were oft en negative comments about the use of English during the training (lectures and manuals).

Discussion: The opinions of Polish students were similar to those of ETC participants in other European countries. There are many interesting advantages of workshop scenarios, while the downside is the time constraint. Nevertheless, the ETC has been very successful. High ratings and positive feedback affirm the high demand for such courses in Poland.

Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Kaja Gąska
Grzegorz Cebula
Grzegorz Danielczok
Michał Nowakowski
Piotr Kolęda
Janusz Andres
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

This article accounts for the development of a powerful artificial neural network (ANN) model, designed for the prediction of relative humidity levels, using other meteorological parameters such as the maximum temperature, minimum temperature, precipitation, wind speed, and intensity of solar radiation in the Rabat-Kenitra region (a coastal area where relative humidity is a real concern). The model was applied to a database containing a daily history of five meteorological parameters collected by nine stations covering this region from 1979 to mid-2014.
It has been demonstrated that the best performing three-layer (input, hidden, and output) ANN mathematical model for the prediction of relative humidity in this region is the multi-layer perceptron (MLP) model. This neural model using the Levenberg–Marquard algorithm, with an architecture of [5-11-1] and the transfer functions Tansig in the hidden layer and Purelin in the output layer, was able to estimate relative humidity values that were very close to those observed. This was affirmed by a low mean squared error ( MSE) and a high correlation coefficient ( R), compared to the statistical indicators relating to the other models developed as part of this study.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Kaoutar El Azhari
1
ORCID: ORCID
Badreddine Abdallaoui
2
Ali Dehbi
1
ORCID: ORCID
Abdelaziz Abdalloui
1
ORCID: ORCID
Hamid Zineddine
1

  1. Moulay Ismail University, Faculty of Sciences, Zitoune, 50000, Meknes, Morocco
  2. University of Oxford, Mathematical Institute, Oxford, United Kingdom
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Chlorocresol nanoemulsion disinfectant (CND) is an environmental disinfectant prepared with nanoemulsion as its drug carrier. This study aimed to investigate the bactericidal effect of CND on Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus) and its effect on bacterial ultrastructure. The neutralizing effect of CND against S. aureus was first screened by suspension quantitative evaluation experiment procedure of neutralizer. Disinfection performance was evaluated by the determination of Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC), quantitative bactericidal experiment, and comparative experiment of disinfection performance between 0.1% CND and 0.1% chlorocresol aqueous solution. Meanwhile, the effect of CND on the ultrastructure of S. aureus was investigated with scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) to preliminarily explore the bactericidal mechanism. The results showed that 3% Tween-80 in PBS could be screened as the neutralizer of CND against S. aureus. MIC and MBC were 100 μg/mL and 200 μg/mL, respectively. The bactericidal rates were all 100% when 0.06% and 0.08% disinfectant acted for 15 and 5 min, respectively. Furthermore, compared with 0.1% chlorocresol aqueous solution, the bactericidal effect of 0.1% CND was significantly enhanced (p<0.01). After treatment with CND for 10 min, SEM observation showed that the morphology of S. aureus cells were changed and the integrity destroyed. TEM observation showed that the cell shape changed, and the structures of the cell wall, cell membrane and cytoplasm were damaged in varying degrees. CND showed the strong bactericidal effect on S. aureus and could cause ultrastructure alterations of S. aureus.
Go to article

Bibliography

References:

Abdelmonem R, Younis MK, Hassan DH, El-Sayed Ahmed M, Hassanein E, El-Batouty K, Elfaham A (2019) Formulation and characterization of chlorhexidine HCl nano-emulsion as a promising antibacterial root canal irrigant: in-vitro and ex-vivo studies. Int J Nanomedicine 14: 4697-4708.
Badruddoza AZ, Gupta A, Myerson AS, Trout BL, Doyle PS (2018) Low energy nanoemulsions as templates for the formulation of hydrophobic drugs. Adv Ther 1: 1700020.
Boyce JM (2016) Modern technologies for improving cleaning and disinfection of environmental surfaces in hospitals. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 5: 10.
Chen LH, Cheng LC, Doyle PS (2020) Nanoemulsion-loaded capsules for controlled delivery of lipophilic active ingredients. Adv Sci 7: 2001677.
Chepurnov AA, Bakulina LF, Dadaeva AA, Ustinova EN, Chepurnova TS, Baker JR Jr (2003) Inactivation of Ebola virus with a surfactant nanoemulsion. Acta Trop 87: 315-320.
Dancer SJ (2014) Controlling hospital-acquired infection: focus on the role of the environment and new technologies for decontamination. Clin Microbiol Rev 27: 665-690.
Eissa M, Ashour ED, Mansy MS (2012) Neutralizer evaluation study of some microbial isolates against two strong disinfectants with and without the presence of synthetic detergent. World Appl Sci J 20: 823-831.
Hamouda T, Hayes MM, Cao Z, Tonda R., Johnson K, Wright DC, Brisker J, Baker JR Jr (1999) A novel surfactant nanoemulsion with broad-spectrum spori-cidal activity against Bacillus species. J Infect Dis 180: 1939-1949.
Hamouda T, Myc A, Donovan B, Shih AY, Reuter JD, Baker JR Jr (2001) A novel surfactant nanoemulsion with a unique non-irritant topical antimicrobial activity against bacteria, enveloped viruses and fungi. Microbiol Res 156: 1-7.
Han JH, Sullivan N, Leas BF, Pegues DA, Kaczmarek JL, Umscheid CA (2015) Cleaning hospital room surfaces to prevent health care-associated infections: a technical brief. Ann Intern Med 163: 598-607.
Hashemnejad SM, Badruddoza AZ, Zarket B, Ricardo Castaneda C, Doyle PS (2019) Thermoresponsive nanoemulsion-based gel synthesized through a low-energy process. Nat Commun 10: 2749.
Hidber T, Pauli U, Steiner A, Kuhnert P (2020) In vitro and ex vivo testing of alternative disinfectants to currently used more harmful substances in footbaths against Dichelobacter nodosus. PLoS One 15: e0229066.
Horstmann Risso N, Ottonelli Stopiglia CD, Oliveira MT, Haas SE, Ramos Maciel T, Reginatto Lazzari N, Kelmer EL, Pinto Vilela JA, Beckmann DV (2020) Chlorhexidine nanoemulsion: a new antiseptic formulation. Int J Nanomedicine 15: 6935-6944.
Hu GZ, Qiu YS (2010) Medicines commonly used in poultry and their rational use. Henan Science and Technology Press, Zhengzhou, p 27.
Matsubara T, Maki S, Toshimori Y (2021) The effectiveness of a nonalcoholic disinfectant containing metal ions, with broad antimicrobial activity. Sci Rep 11: 1072.
Ministry of Health of the People’s Republic of China (2008) Technical standard for disinfection. Ministry of Health of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, pp 21-52.
Mu SY, Liu DY, Bai YZ, Yang WY, Shi YL, Li S, Ning MX, Yang XF (2016) Disinfection efficacy of chlorocresol nanoemulsion disin-fectant. Chin J Vet Med 52: 35-37.
Ramalingam K, Frohlich NC, Lee VA (2013) Effect of nanoemulsion on dental unit waterline biofilm. J Dent Sci 8: 333-336.
Roedel A, Vincze S, Projahn M, Roesler U, Robé C, Hammerl JA, Noll M, Al Dahouk S, Dieckmann R (2021) Genetic but no phenotypic associations between biocide tolerance and antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli from german broiler fattening farms. Microorganisms 9: 651.
Wei QH, Zhang WF, Wang CD, Lu Y, Wang JY, Zhang M (2004) Experimental observation on properties of a compound germicidal nanoemulsion. Chin J Dis 21: 1-4.
Yang XF, Qi YH, Ning HM, Wang QH (2012) Preparation and quality evaluation of enrofloxacin nanoemulsion. J Zhejiang Univ (Agric & Life Sci) 38: 693-699.
Yang XF, Sun YW, Mu SY, Liu DY, Hu JH, Xu YZ, Bai YZ, Shi YL (2016) Evaluation of characterization and disinfection efficacy of chlorocresol nanoemulsion disinfectant. RSC Adv 6: 12730-12736.
Yin M, Zhang DL, Sun YJ, Li XH, Li YY, Xu P, Xue MQ, Jin MY, Yang XF (2020) Fungicidal effect of chlorcresol nanoemulsion disinfectant. J Northwest A&F Univ (Nat Sci Ed) 48: 18-23.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Y.F. Zhang
1
Y.W. Sun
1
X.H. Liu
1
Z.X. An
1
X.F. Yang
1

  1. College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Hualan Road No. 90, Xinxiang City, Henan Province, 453003, China
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The abducens nerve is characterized by a long intracranial course and complex topographical relationships. Anatomical knowledge may help to understand both the etiology and clinical symptoms of abducens nerve palsy. Typically, the single trunk of the abducens nerve travels on both sides. However, occasionally different variants of unilateral or bilateral duplications of the abducens nerve may be observed. Th e presented paper is a detailed anatomical description of bilateral duplication of the abducens nerve, with atypical appearance of the nerve in the cavernous sinus and normal distribution within the lateral rectus muscle on both sides of one cadaver. On the right side both trunks of the abducens nerve fused within the subarachnoid space and pierced the dura mater together. On the left side both trunks of the duplicated abducens nerve pierced the dura mater separately, entered the petrous apex separately and fused just below the petrosphenoidal ligament. Within the cavernous sinus the nerve divided once again into two filaments, which reunited into one trunk aft er crossing the horizontal segment of the intracavernous part of internal carotid artery. Th e orbital segments of the abducens nerve showed a typical course on both sides. Duplication of the abducens nerve is anatomical variation which should be taken into account during diagnostic and surgical procedures performed within the petroclival region and cavernous sinus.

Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Robert Haładaj
Janusz Skrzat

This page uses 'cookies'. Learn more