Joseph Ratzinger, both as Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith and, above all, as Pope, contributed greatly to the legislative development and the implementation of Canon Law. His invitation has been especially important, as Supreme Pontiff, to the seminarians to love Canon Law. In this article we study his contribution to the canonical doctrine with the subjects developed in the speeches before the Ro-man Rota, in which He offers certain criteria to advance in the knowledge and praxis of Canon Law and rejects the errors that can create deviations. Particularly notewor-thy is the insistence on showing the pastoral value of Canon Law and the need to hold its close link both to charity and to truth. On the other hand, the Pope also pays attention to marriage, both in preparation for it and in the defence of its essential properties

The presence of an extensive number of Polish immigrants in Ireland has a short history, which began after Poland’s accession to the EU. Therefore, the organizations that have been set up since 2004 were to a high degree built up with no or little impact of the existing tradition of immigrant structures and institutions. This makes Ireland a specific laboratory for testing a new model of immigrants’ organization of the 21st century. The article aims to describe the development of Polish immigrant organizations in Ireland and to present their characteristics, including their goals, activities, the role of new media and technology, as well as the patterns of participation and communication. The detailed presentation of these characteristics and case studies serves the goal of answering the question: if and to what extent “young” Polish immigrant organizations in Ireland can be seen as the forerunners of a new model of immigrants’ organization of the 21st century.