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Number of results: 5
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Abstract

As one of the key techniques in the fully mechanized mining process, equipment selection and matching has a great effect on security, production and efficiency. The selection and matching of fully mechanized mining equipment in thin coal seam are restricted by many factors. In fully mechanized mining (FMM) faced in thin coal seams (TCS), to counter the problems existing in equipment selection, such as many the parameters concerned and low automation, an expert system (ES) of equipment selection for fully mechanized mining longwall face was established. A database for the equipment selection and matching expert system in thin coal seam, fully mechanized mining face has been established. Meanwhile, a decision-making software matching the ES was developed. Based on several real world examples, the reliability and technical risks of the results from the ES was discussed. Compared with the field applications, the shearer selection from the ES is reliable. However, some small deviations existed in the hydraulic support and scraper conveyor selection. Then, the ES was further improved. As a result, equipment selection in fully mechanized mining longwall face called 4301 in the Liangshuijing coal mine was carried out by the improved ES. Equipment selection results of the interface in the improved ES is consistent with the design proposal of the 4301 FMM working face. The reliability of the improved ES can meet the requirements of the engineering. It promotes the intelligent and efficient mining of coal resources in China.

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Authors and Affiliations

Chen Wang
ORCID: ORCID
Jie Chen
Cheng Liu
Chengyu Jiang
ORCID: ORCID
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Abstract

Many legal texts are produced in repetitive and standardised communication situations; they are therefore subject to unification and are consequently characterised by formulaicity. Formulaicity can be regarded not only as a significant but also as a constitutive textual property. The aim of this article is to attempt to present formulaicity as a textual property and descriptive category of legal texts and to describe its characteristics both at the level of text structure and at the level of formulation, using the example of the German text type 'Gesetzestext'.
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Authors and Affiliations

Małgorzata Ewa Płomińska
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Institut für Sprachwissenschaft Schlesiche Universität, Kattowitz, Polen
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Abstract

This article investigates the engagement of EU law with the interests represented and pursued by the Member States within the framework of the European Union. In principle, because the interests which the Member States feed into the EU governance machinery are formulated in political processes at the national level, and thus possess paramount political legitimacy, EU law may only interact with those interests when a clear and sufficient mandate has been provided for doing so. Such mandates follow from Treaty provisions or EU legislation. They embody common political agreements among the Member States by which they commit themselves to realising the specific interests they share, as well as achieving related common policy objectives. In practice, however, the boundaries of EU law’s mandate are difficult to determine with precision, and this may weaken the legitimacy of EU law’s interventions. The weaker legitimacy of the law raises particular problems in the law of the Single Market, where the interests pursued by national governments are subjected to filtering, moderation, and even transformation by the Court of Justice.

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Authors and Affiliations

Marton Varju
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Abstract

During 2017, the authors conducted an evaluation of so-called “veteran trees” in Warsaw — selected specimens with outstanding historical, landscape and natural values, but not taken under legal protection, situated within public space (streets, squares, public facilities) — as part of a pilot program for the Green Board of Warsaw. The following were examined: the condition of trees, the surrounding ground’s condition, spatial conditions. The presented results include an example of two locations — prestigious streets, on which legible systems of street tree plantings from the beginning of the 20th century have been preserved (Piękna Street, J. Ch. Szucha Avenue). The protection of old trees — living witnesses of history and the maintenance of the original spatial form — classic avenue arrangement in both cases are essential for preservation of the historical pre-war scenery of this part of Warsaw.

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Authors and Affiliations

Beata Fortuna-Antoszkiewicz
Jan Łukaszkiewicz
Edyta Rosłon-Szeryńska
Jacek Borowski
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Abstract

This article offers a new analysis of Ivan Harayda’s Grammar of the Ruthenian Language ( Hramatyka rus’koho yazyka”) (Uzhhorod 1941). In contrast to its program, the grammar paid little tribute to the “popular” language as such. As Harayda himself regarded his text as a “compromise between many contradictory opinions regarding our popular language” he included only a few “popular” elements. Most of them were part of the written heritage that united Transcarpathia with other parts of the Ukrainian language area, particularly Galicia. Harayda often failed to clarify what he regarded as standard features. He also explicitly excluded some local features from the standard. Harayda’s grammar can barely be regarded as a successful attempt at the codification of the “Rusyn” language in the modern understanding.
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Authors and Affiliations

Michael Moser
1 2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Universität Wien
  2. Pázmány Péter Katolikus Egyetem, Budapest

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