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Number of results: 8
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Abstract

Many of the drugs used arc not completely metabolized in the human body and with urine and faces arc introduced into the sewage system. Finally, due to their incomplete removal during the conventional wastewater treatment process (CWTP), they can be released into the receiving water. One of the medicaments frequently detected in surface water is diclolcnac. The present study addresses the problem of diclofcnac removal in various aquatic samples using advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). The experiments were performed in distilled water and in biologically treated wastewater. The following AO Ps were applied: Fenlon 's reagent, UVand UV/H2O2-processes. The concentration of diclolcnac in distilled water corresponded to the concentration of this drug in human urine (ca. 20 mg-dm'). The real wastewater samples contained diclofcnac concentrations ranging from 630 to 790 ng-dm-'. The photodcgradation of diclolcnac was carried out in the photorcactor with a medium pressure Hg-vapor lamp (400 W). In the Fcnton's reaction different molar ratiosof H2O2/Fc'' were used. The diclotcnac mineralization (TOC removal) strictly depended on the amount of 1-1,0, applied in the Fcnton's reaction. Diclofcnac was rapidly degraded by direct photolysis (UV) and in UV/H2O2,-process both in distilled water and in wastewater samples. The results proved that the advanced oxidation processes arc cflcctive in diclofcnac removal from aquatic samples. The pseudo first order rate constants It)!' diclolcnac photodcgradation were determined.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ewa Felis
Jarosław Wiszniowski
Korneliusz Miksch
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Abstract

The paper presents the result of hydrogeological studies of Lublin Coal Basin (LCB), particularly at Jurassic level. It is arranged in several parts: I) stratigraphy, tectonics and lithology of Jurassic system at LCB territory, 2) groundwater dynamics, 3) chemical composition of waters, 4) hyclrogeochemical stability conditions. The paper also suggests a few main directions of using the Jurassic waters in prophylaxis and therapy of many diseases. The waters, containing considerably elevated quantities of fluorine compounds come from Jurassic formation lying at the considerable depth. Coal mine joins them with saline Carboniferous waters. After pretreatment, they are discharged to the surface ancl to the river. Jurassic waters belong to the group of low mineralised waters. They contain 6-1 I mg F/dm3 fluorides. Thus they can be usefu I in prophylactics of teeth ancl paradental illnesses, particularly in risk groups. Thanks to, fluorides contained in these waters they can be used during and after treatment and to support surgical operations or rehabilitation effects.
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Authors and Affiliations

Małgorzata Ciosmak
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Abstract

Two different porous ceramic carriers with immobilized activated sludge comprised a stationary filling of the reactors. Municipal wastewater was treated at hydraulic retention times from 15 to 70 min and internal circulation capacity of 20, 40 and 60 drn':h'. Depending on hydraulic retention time, the sludge yield ranged from 0.138 to 0.066 g TSS·g COD·' in reactor I and from 0.175 to 0.107 g TSS·g COD·' in reactor li. An increase in volumetric loading rate and internal circulation capacity caused a reduction in sludge yield. A decrease in the sludge yield corresponded to an increase in the ratio of endogenous to substrate respiration by the immobilized biomass
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Authors and Affiliations

Magdalena Zielińska
Irena Wojnowska-Baryła
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Abstract

The abundance of water has certainly been a very important resource for the development of the Po Valley and has necessitated, more than once, interventions of regulation and drainage that have contributed strongly to imprint a particular conformation on the land. Already in Roman times there were numerous projects of canalisation and intense and diligent commitment to the maintenance of the canals, used for navigation, for irrigation and for the working of the mills. The need to control the excessive amount of water present was the beginning of the exploitation of this great font of richness that was constantly maintained in subsequent eras. In the early Middle Ages, despite the conditions of political instability and great economic and social difficulty, the function of the canals continued to be of great importance, also because the paths of river communication often substituted land roads, then left abandoned. After the 11th century A.D. the resumption of agricultural activity was conducive to the intense task of land reclamation of the Lombardian countryside and of commitment by the cities to amplify their waterways with the construction of new canals and the improvement of those already existing. The example given by Milan, a city lacking a natural river, that equipped itself with a dense network of canal, used in various ambits of the city life (defence, hygiene, agriculture, transport, milling systems) and for connections with the surrounding territory, can be considered as emblematic. In the surrounding countryside, the activity of the Cistercian monks of Chiaravalle represents one of the situations more indicative of how land reclamation and waterways contributed fundamentally to the organisation of the territory over the span of the ages.

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Authors and Affiliations

Giuliana Fantoni
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Abstract

The research article address, the mechanical properties such as fatigue, impact strength and tribological properties of Austempered ductile iron (ADI) has been investigated. The samples of ADI iron were austenitized at 927°C for 2 hrs and later it was under austempering process for 2 hrs at a temperature range of 240°C to 400°C. Experiments under axial loading has been carried out on three different compositions (without Ni(X), 0.22 wt % Ni (X1), 0.34 wt. % Ni (X2). Fabricated test bars were converted in to as per ASTM standard samples for different tests. In order to study the influence of chunky nickel morphology studies on fatigue life and impact strength were carried out on a second set of specimens without any microstructural defect. Metallurgical analyses were performed on all the samples of heat treated samples (AF – Ausferrite, MB – Mixed bainite, M – Martensite, RA – Retained Austenite and N-Nodule) were found and compared. It was found that a mean content of 22% of chunky nickel in the microstructure (with respect to total Ni content) influence considerably the fatigue and impact strength properties of the cast iron. Moreover tribological properties of the specimens were also studied under dry sliding conditions at various sliding speed and load. The wear resistance and coefficient of friction were found to increase with increase in load and sliding speed.

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Authors and Affiliations

T. Ramkumar
S. Madhusudhanan
I. Rajendran
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Abstract

The vitality of lichens and their growth depend on the physiological status of both the fungal and algal partner. Many epiphytic lichens demonstrate high specificity to a habitat type and hygrophilous species are, as a rule, confined to close-to-natural forest complexes. Tolerance to desiccation stress and the rate of photosynthesis activation upon thallus hydration vary between species. Analyzes of chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthesis efficiency have been widely applied to determine the viability of lichens. The aim of this study was to determine the activation photosynthesis rate upon hydration in epiphytic lichens exposed to short-term desiccation stress and to find potential links between their activation pattern and ecological properties. The results proved that even highly sensitive hygrophilous lichens, i.e., Cetrelia cetrarioides, Lobaria pulmonaria, Menegazzia terebrata, do not exhibit any delay in the restart of the photosynthesis process, compared to mesophytic or xerophytic ones. All examined lichens achieved nearly 100% of their maximum photosynthetic efficiency just one hour after they had been supplied with a relatively small quantity of water. Moreover, the increase in photosynthesis efficiency, measured at 20-minute intervals upon hydration, started from a relatively high level. In addition, the differences in the content of photosynthetic pigments and water holding capacity between species did not affect the general pattern of activation, which is comparable across various lichens. It can be concluded that healthy hygrophilous lichens do not require long hydration time to regain a high level of photosynthesis efficiency after a short rainless period. This fact supports the idea of applying chlorophyll fluorescence analysis in the field to assess vitality of lichens and the condition of their natural habitat.
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Authors and Affiliations

Piotr Osyczka
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 3, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
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Abstract

Designed as an introduction to the topic of „The Bible in Culture", this article is, by its very nature, synthetic. The author merely wanted to signal the necessity of a new approach to the Biblical literature which was by no means being created in isolation, independently of rich cultural milieu. For Israel, such an environment was not only a great civilization of Egypt, Anatolia or Mesopotamia but also traditional religions of Syria and Palestine. The metaphor of the seed sown into the soil, to which the Gospel so often refers, has its deep meaning also when applied to the Old Testament. Biblical authors were firmly rooted in the culture of their era, transgressing the borders of the chosen nation. However, with time a tendency would appear of Israel closing itself to the influence of the pagan world. Christ, neverthe- less, addresses his good news to all peoples (Mt 28,19), which presupposes its inculturation depending on the milieu of a given epoch.

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Authors and Affiliations

Ks. Antoni Tronina
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Abstract

This article is an attempt to identify the main themes in the literary work of Zygmunt Haupt, a Polish writer, journalist and painter, who emigrated to the United States in the aftermath of World War II. His writings show a keen awareness of the issue of absence/presence and the related problems of memory traits, identity and literary representation. Drawing on the psychoanalytical criticism of Jacques Lacan and Julia Kristeva and the philosophy of Jacques Derrida, this reading of Haupt’s fi ction, especially his short stories (whose collected edition was published in 2007 under the title The Basque Devil), is a critical reassessment of his work. As a storyteller he excels in the depiction of scenes of terror, desire and the uncanny. The article argues Haupt’s work represents not only a remarkable literary achievement but also offers an interesting study case for critics whose approach is founded on literary theory, psychoanalysis and anthropology.

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Authors and Affiliations

Michał Zając

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