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Abstract

For conventional diesel engines, two of the most widely used global correlations are due to Woschni and Hohenberg. Besides, the modern diesel engines used a new heat transfer coefficient correlation was proposed by Finol and Robinson. In Vietnam, improving engine power density is a trend of improving non-turbocharged base engines by using a supercharging system with exhaust gas energy recovery. Increasing engine power by the turbocharger is limited for two reasons: mechanical stress and thermal stress of the components surrounding the combustion chamber. In general, the heat transfer coefficient has a major effect on heat transfer rate, especially during the combustion process. So, the purpose of this study is to compare the cylinder distribution results from the simulation using the equations of Woschni and Hohenberg and compare to the experiment results when converting an old heavy-duty engine into a turbocharged engine. Results show that the cylinder distribution using Hohenberg’s correlation has a good agreement with the experiment results, especially in the case of a turbocharged engine.
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Bibliography

[1] Caton J.A.: An Introduction to Thermodynamic Cycle Simulations for Internal Combustion Engines. Wiley, 2016.
[2] Kurowski M.: Heat transfer coefficient measurements on curved surfaces. Arch. Thermodyn. 42(2021), 2, 155–170.
[3] Nusselt W.: Der Warmeubergang in der Verbrennungskrafmaschine. V.D.I. Forschungsheft 264(1923).
[4] Annand W.J.D.: Heat transfer in the cylinders of reciprocating internal combustion engines. P.I. Mech. Eng. 177(1963), 36, 973–996.
[5] Eichelberg G.: Some new investigations on old combustion engine problems. Engineering 148(1939), 463–466, 547–550.
[6] Woschni G.: A universally applicable equation for the instantaneous heat transfer coefficient in the internal combustion engine. SAE Transactions 76(1967), 670931, 3065–3083.
[7] Hohenberg G.F.: Advanced approaches for heat transfer calculations. SAE Tech. Pap. 790825(1979).
[8] Finol C.A., Robinson K.: Thermal modelling of modern engines: A review of empirical correlations to estimate the in-cylinder heat transfer coefficient. P.I. Mech. Eng. D-J. Aut. 220(2006), 12, 1765–1781.
[9] Finol C.A., Robinson K.: Thermal modelling of modern diesel engines: proposal of a new heat transfer coefficient correlation. P.I. Mech. Eng. D-J. Aut. 225(2011), 11, 1544–1560.
[10] Parra C.A.F.: Heat transfer investigations in a modern diesel engine. PhD thesis, Univ. Bath, Bath 2008.
[11] Hiereth H., Prenninger P.: Charging the Internal Combustion Engine. Springer, Wien New York 2007.
[12] Pan M., Qian W., Wei H., Feng D., Pan J.: Effects on performance and emissions of gasoline compression ignition engine over a wide range of internal exhaust gas recirculation rates under lean conditions. Fuel 265(2020), 116881.
[13] Trung K.N.: A Study for determination of the pressure ratio of the V12 diesel engine based on the heat flow density to cooling water. In: Advances in Engineering Research and Application. (K.U. Sattler., D.C. Nguyen, N.P. Vu, B.T. Long., H. Puta, Eds.), Proc. ICERA 2020, Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, Vol. 178, Springer, 2021, 64–74.
[14] Thompson M.K., Thompson J.M.: ANSYS Mechanical APDL for Finite Element Analysis. Butterworth-Heinemann, 2017.
[15] Trung K.N.: The temperature distribution of the wet cylinder liner of V-12 engine according to calculation and experiment. J. Therm. Eng. 7(2021), 2 (Spec. iss.),
[16] Heywood J.B.: Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals (2nd Edn.). McGraw- Hill Education, 2018.
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Authors and Affiliations

Kien Nguyen Trung
1 2

  1. Phenikaa University, Faculty of Vehicle and Energy Engineering, Yen Nghia Ward, Ha-Dong District, Hanoi 12116, Vietnam
  2. Phenikaa Research and Technology Institute, A&A Green Phoenix Group JSC, 167 Hoang Ngan, Trung Hoa, Cau Giay, Hanoi 11313, Vietnam
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Abstract

The field of plant pathology has adopted targeted genome editing technology as one of its most crucial and effective genetic tools. Due to its simplicity, effectiveness, versatility, CRISPR together with CRISPR-associated proteins found in an adaptive immune system of prokaryotes have recently attracted the interest of the scientific world. Plant disease resistance must be genetically improved for sustainable agriculture. Plant biology and biotechnology have been transformed by genome editing, which makes it possible to perform precise and targeted genome modifications. Editing offers a fresh approach by genetically enhancing plant disease resistance and quickening resistance through breeding. It is simpler to plan and implement, has a greater success rate, is more adaptable and less expensive than other genome editing methods. Importantly CRISPR/Cas9 has recently surpassed plant science as well as plant disease. After years of research, scientists are currently modifying and rewriting genomes to create crop plants which are immune to particular pests and diseases. The main topics of this review are current developments in plant protection using CRISPR/Cas9 technology in model plants and commodities in response to viral, fungal, and bacterial infections, as well as potential applications and difficulties of numerous promising CRISPR/Cas9-adapted approaches.
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Authors and Affiliations

Kallol Das
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Benjamin Yaw Ayim
3
ORCID: ORCID
Natasza Borodynko-Filas
4
ORCID: ORCID
Srijan Chandra Das
5
F.M. Aminuzzaman
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
  2. Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh
  3. Ministry of Food and Agriculture, Plant Protection and Regulatory Services Directorate, Ashanti 23321, Ghana
  4. Plant Disease Clinic and Bank of Pathogens, Institute of Plant Protection – National Research Institute, Poznan, Poland
  5. Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Rice Farming System Division, Regional Station, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
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Abstract

The construction site and its elements create circumstances that are conducive to the formation of risks to work safety during the execution of works. Analysis indicates the critical importance of these factors in the set of characteristics that describe the causes of accidents in the construction industry. This paper attempts to analyse the characteristics of the construction site to indicate their importance in defining the circumstances of an accident at work. The research was carried out on the basis of data from the register kept by the District Labour Inspectorate in Krakow, Poland. Main substantive tasks include isolating patterns of accidents on site and identifying those of the analysed characteristics that are important in defining these patterns. In terms of methodology, the paper presents a method of analysing data resources by using means of conceptual grouping in the form of cluster analysis.

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Authors and Affiliations

W. Drozd
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Abstract

W kopalniach rud miedzi należących do K GHM Polska Miedź podstawowym zagrożeniem naturalnym jest zagrożenie tąpaniami, którego ograniczanie wymaga odpowiednio dobranych metod oceny jego stanu oraz skuteczności jego zwalczania. Te pierwsze pozwalają określić prawdopodobieństwo wzrostu zagrożenia, a te drugie służą do zapobiegania wystąpieniu jego negatywnych skutków. Dzięki odpowiedniej ocenie stanu zagrożenia, zwiększa się skuteczność jego ograniczania. Jedną z metod bieżącej oceny stanu zagrożenia sejsmicznego jest pomiar konwergencji wyrobisk górniczych. W kopalniach niejednokrotnie stwierdzano, że wzrost konwergencji a także jej zanik, bądź nieregularny przebieg mogą oznaczać wzrost zagrożenia. Podjęto próbę określenia związku pomiędzy zmianami pionowej liniowej konwergencji wyrobisk a aktywnością sejsmiczną górotworu. Wyniki takiej analizy mogą pozwolić na wstępną weryfikację pionowej konwergencji jako wskaźnika stanu zagrożenia sejsmicznego. Analizę przeprowadzono dla oddziału wydobywczego o wysokiej aktywności sejsmicznej (III stopień zagrożenia tąpaniami) w kopalni Polkowice-Sieroszowice. W czasie objętym analizą wszystkie zjawiska ze skutkami w wyrobiskach, które wystąpiły w kopalni, miały miejsce w tym oddziale. Przeprowadzono analizę konwergencji pionowej w okresach wysokiej i niskiej aktywności sejsmicznej. O pisano zmienność średniej 30-dobowej konwergencji pionowej (obliczanej dla ostatnich 30 dni wstecz) i zmiany średniej dobowej konwergencji pionowej. Zwrócono uwagę na skokowe dobowe zmiany konwergencji, nagły jej zanik oraz na jej średnią 30-dobową. O bliczono skuteczność aktywnej i technologicznej profilaktyki tapaniowej. Określono związek między zmianami konwergencji i energią sejsmiczną oraz skutecznością metod profilaktyki tąpaniowej poprzez obliczenie współczynników korelacji liniowej.

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Authors and Affiliations

Anna Barbara Gogolewska
Agnieszka Markowiak
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Abstract

During the planning and controlling of the construction process, most attention is focu sed on risk analysis, especially in the context of final costs and deadlines of the investment. In this analysis, the primary and most significant concern is the proper identification and quantification of events, which on a certain level of probability may affect the development process. This paper presents the result of a risk analysis for a particular building object, made after completion of the investment and accepting it for use. Knowledge of the planned values and the actual investment process allowed for the identification of the events and their effects that in this case have significantly disrupted the investment process. The limited total cost of the investment project in question had a considerable impact on the progress of the project execution. Despite three transitions of administrative procedures, the opening date of the shopping centre was delayed by only three weeks.

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Authors and Affiliations

M. Lendo-Siwicka
M. Połoński
K. Pawluk

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