The arbitrary waveform generator is characterised by its flexible signal generation, high frequency resolution and rapid frequency switching speed and is wildly used in fields like communication, radar systems, quantum control, astronautics and biomedicine.With continuous development of technology, higher requirements are placed on to the arbitrary waveform generator. Sampling rate determines the bandwidth of the output signal, spurious-free dynamic range determines the quality of generated signal. Due to above, these two indicators’ improvement is vital. However, the existing waveform generation methods cannot generate signals with quality good enough due to their technical limitations, and in order to realize a high system sampling rate, to accomplish waveform generation process in FPGA, multipath parallel structure is needed. Therefore, we proposed a parallel waveform synthesis structure based on digital resampling, which fixed the problems existing in the current methods effectively and achieved a high sampling rate as well as high quality arbitrary waveform synthesis. We also built up an experimental test bench to validate the proposed structure.

Self-government districts in the minds of the city residents on the example of selected districts of Cracow, The article demonstrates the problem of perception of auxiliary units of the city by its residents. The history of the creation of self-government districts in Cracow was presented, the results of the survey conducted among the residents of three districts were shown (n=1433) and they were referred to the observations of other authors outlined in the subject literature. The study revealed that the self-government districts, which have been functioning for more than a quarter of a century, are poorly embedded in the consciousness of residents and do not play a significant role in their lives. Most of the respondents were not able to give the name of their own district correctly and did not know its spatial extent. The former administrative divisions and historical settlement units (former villages) were still deeply rooted in their consciousness. Most of the respondents did not take part in public life of the districts, nor did they participate in the initiatives taken at their level.

In this article, I am trying to enquire briefly into a certain issue that was, in a way, the hallmark of Andrzej Walicki’s worldview. The issue concerns his interpretation of freedom, and above all, his preference for negative freedom („freedom from”), which epitomized liberalism, against the concept of positive freedom („freedom to”), which for Walicki was a systemic and pernicious encumbrance in Marxism. However, in his later works, Walicki nuanced his opinions and paid more attention to the weaknesses of liberalism arising from its inability to absorb some aspects of positive freedom associated with contemporary ideas inspired by Marxism.