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Abstract

The paper is of practical importance and describes the construction of a test rig and the measurement method for determining the relative emissivity coefficient of thermosensitive thin polymer coatings. Polymers are high-molecular chemical compounds that produce chains of repeating elements called ‘mers’. The polymers can be natural and artificial. The former ones form the building material for living organisms, the latter – for plastics. In this work, the words plastics and polymers are used as synonyms. Some plastics are thermosensitive materials with specific physical and chemical properties. The calorimetric method mentioned in the title consists of two steps. The first stage, described here, involves very accurately measuring the emissivity of black paint with the highest possible relative emissivity coefficient, which covers the surface of the heater and the inner surface of the chamber. In the second step, the thermosensitive polymer will be placed on the inner surface of the chamber, while black paint with a known emissivity coefficient will remain on the heater. Such a way of determining the properties of thermosensitive polymers will increase the error of the method itself, but at the same time will avoid melting of the polymer coating. During the tests, the results of which are presented in this work, the emissivity coefficient of the black paint was obtained in the range of 0.958–0.965.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ewa Pelińska-Olko
1

  1. Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Department of Thermodynamics and Renewable Energy Sources, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
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Abstract

The paper presents the problem of building disturbances, which are usually an inseparable element during the implementation of construction projects. They were classified, their causes and sides of the construction process responsible for their creation were identified on the basis of the analyzed construction investment. In addition, using the Earned Value Management method, the scale of delays arising in construction works and the related effects were determined. The important role of close cooperation and good communication between all participants of the construction process was emphasized, which would reduce the phenomenon of building disturbances, but also mitigate the negative effects of delays that have already occurred.

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Authors and Affiliations

A. Starczyk-Kołbyk
L. Kruszka
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Abstract

Ninety-eight per cent of world ship breaking (ship demolition) today is carried out in India, Bangladesh, China, Pakistan and Turkey.

The 1989 Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal as well as Dutch, French, Turkish, Indian and British case-law consider decommissioned ships as waste. Due to limited effectiveness of the Basel Convention a new one has been adopted — the 2009 Hong Kong International Convention for the Safe and Environmentally Sound Recycling of Ships. The Hong Kong Convention will enter into force when three conditions set out in its Article 17 are met; it means at least one leading ship breaking country must ratify it.

The European Union is a leading proponent of signature of the Hong Kong Convention. Its ratification by the EU shall be a significant quantitative and political stimulus towards its entry into force. In order to encourage the ratification processes by EU member states, the European Parliament and the Council have adopted Regulation (EU) No 1257/2013 of 20 November 2013 on ship recycling.

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Authors and Affiliations

Maciej Nyka
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Abstract

The concept of the existence of the absolute being can be characterized by four criteria which correspond to four existential aspects of the ultimate reality. In volume one of the Controversy over the Existence of the World Roman Ingarden argues that the absolute being is to be characterized as self-sustained, primary, self‑activated and independent. When some general remarks are put aside, the article focuses on arguments that have been adduced by the author in support of three claims. (1) Ingarden accepts the existence of the absolute being and flanks it by additional seven kinds of relative beings. The author finds the abundance supernumerary in the material world. (2) No material (or physical) object possesses properties (or existential moments) that belong to the absolute being. (3) There are fundamental reasons which exclude the possibility that the physical world (the manifold of all material objects) can be identified with the absolute being (absolute existence).
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Authors and Affiliations

Marek Łagosz
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Instytut Filozofii, ul. Koszarowa 3, 51-149 Wrocław
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Abstract

The daily Czas ( Time) daily is an important source of the social and cultural history of Cracow in the period of Galician autonomy, including the White Carnival events at the turn of 1899 and 1900. This article discusses the Carnival's most spectacular events — the End of the Century festivities, the special Christmas and New Year's Eve celebrations as well as the White Carnival dance parties. The analysis of selected issues of Czas with relevant content is focused on the editorial choice of topics as well as the manner of their presentation.
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Authors and Affiliations

Joanna Adamczyk
1

  1. Szkoła Doktorska (dyscyplina historia) Wydział Historii i Dziedzictwa Kulturowego Uniwersytet Papieski Jana Pawła II w Krakowie ul. Kanonicza 25 PL 31-022 Kraków

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