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Abstract

The capacity market is a response to potential capacity scarcity in the system. The missing money problem may occur as a result of the dynamic development of renewable energy sources because their capacity factors are significantly lower in comparison to those of conventional generating units. The capacity market is a response to capacity scarcity in dynamic growth in renewable energy sources with lower capacity factors than thermal power plants. It is a support mechanism that provides additional funds in order for generation companies to be ready to produce electricity in system stress events. So far, seven capacity auctions have been held for 2021–2027 delivery periods. Since the vast majority of capacity market units are coal-fired public thermal power plants and combined heat and power plants, the analysis of capacity auction results provides valuable findings on coal consumption in the years to come. With this in mind, the objective of the study is to investigate the potential of coal consumption resulting from the long-term capacity contracts signed thus far. For this purpose, a comprehensive analysis of the capacity auctions’ results is conducted, including the analysis of the duration of the contracts, the structure of ownership, and fuels used in power units. The results show that the figures relating to the consumption of steam coal in units that have won capacity auctions are around 21,306 thousand Mg for 2023 and decreasing to 9,603 thousand Mg for 2035. Although European restrictions were introduced to limit remuneration for high-emission units, the long-term contracts ensure that these will remain in the system and will have an impact on the total consumption of steam coal in the medium- and long-term in the Polish power system.
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Authors and Affiliations

Aleksandra Komorowska
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
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Abstract

The speed of test vehicles on the high-speed car track of the automobile test field is very high. Reducing the construction error of asphalt pavement is very important to ensure the safety of the test vehicle. In order to realize the paving of asphalt concrete pavement with super-large lateral inclination in the curve section of the high-speed car track in the automobile test field, a special paving control device and control method for the construction on the curve section with super-large lateral inclination were developed. Use the direction of the hanging hammer under the GPS device of paver to adjust the position of GPS device in real time, so that the geometric centre line of GPS device is always perpendicular to the horizontal plane. The reference control line is preset in the paver operation control device, and the lateral displacement deviation of the paver is adjusted to synchronize the data of the paver control device with the travel route. The precise control of the paver’s forward route is realized, the construction precision of the super-large inclined asphalt pavement on the high-speed car track of the automobile test field is achieved, and the construction efficiency is greatly improved. It has important reference value for similar projects such as automobile testing field and racing track.
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Authors and Affiliations

Yongzheng Qi
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Wengang Ma
3
ORCID: ORCID
Jiesheng Zhang
4
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Key Laboratory of Flood & Drought Disaster Defense, the Ministry of Water Resources, Nanjing 210029, China
  2. Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, No. 2 Mengxi Road, Zhenjiang 212003, China
  3. Institute of Civil Engineering and Intelligent Management, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing 211167, China
  4. The First Engineering Co., LTD. of CTCE Group, No. 434 Fuyang North Road, Hefei 230041, China
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Abstract

The reports of Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change indicate that the growing emission of greenhouse gases, produced from the combustion of fossil fuels, mainly carbon dioxide, leads to negative climate changes. Therefore, the methods of mitigating the greenhouse gases emission to the atmosphere, especially of carbon dioxide, are being sought. Numerous studies are focused on so-called geological sequestration, i.e. injecting carbon dioxide to appropriate geological strata or ocean waters. One of the methods, which are not fully utilized, is the application of appropriate techniques in agriculture. The plant production in agriculture is based on the absorption of carbon dioxide in the photosynthesis process. Increasing the plant production directly leads to the absorption of carbon dioxide. Therefore, investigation of carbon dioxide absorption by particular crops is a key issue. In Poland, ca. 7.6 mln ha of cereals is cultivated, including: rye, wheat, triticale, oat and barley. These plants absorb approximately 23.8 mln t C annually, including 9.8 mln t C/yr in grains, 9.4 mln t C/yr in straw and 4.7 mln t C/yr in roots. The China, these cereals are cultivated on the area over 24 mln ha and absorb 98.9 mln t C/yr, including 55 mln tC/yr in grains, 36 in straw, and 7.9 mln t C/yr in roots. The second direction for mitigating the carbon dioxide emission into the atmosphere involves substituting fossil fuels with renewable energy sources to deliver primary energy. Cultivation of winter cereals as cover crops may lead to the enhancement of carbon dioxide removal from the atmosphere in the course of their growth. Moreover, the produced biomass can be used for energy generation.

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Authors and Affiliations

Lucjan Pawłowski
Małgorzata Pawłowska
Wojciech Cel
Lei Wang
Chong Li
Tingting Mei
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Abstract

The paper presents application of Taguchi method in optimizing the sound transmission loss through sandwich gypsum constructions and those comprising of masonry concrete blocks and gypsum boards in order to investigate the relative influence of the various parameters affecting the sound transmission loss. The application of Taguchi method for optimizing sound transmission loss has been rarely reported. The present work uses the results analytically predicted on “Insul” software for various sandwich material configurations as desired by each experimental run in an L8 orthogonal array. The relative importance of the parameters on single-number rating, Rw (C, Ctr) is evaluated in terms of percentage contribution using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The ANOVA method reveals that type of studs, steel stud frame and number of gypsum layers attached are the key factors controlling the sound transmission loss characteristics of sandwich multi-layered constructions.

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Authors and Affiliations

Naveen Garg
Anil Kumar
Sagar Maji

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