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Number of results: 10
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Abstract

In the 19th and in the first half of the 20th century numerous parks were built all over Europe, which, though different in many aspects, still show certain similarities in space structure and composition. The question is, whether late modern public parks, built in the second half on the 20th century follow the classical design and composition „rules”? How did the extremely functionalist design approach of the era after WW2 influence park design? The answer is the result of a detailed analysis on space structure and composition principles of the parks built in these times. In this research I analyzed according to specific criteria the Jubileum Park in Budapest, one of the most prominent work of the late modern period in Hungary. The 12 ha Jubileum Park (built in 1965) is located in the heart of Budapest, on the top of Gellért Hill, next to river Danube. Laying high above the city on an exposed hillside, the park offers a broad view of the whole city. The structure of the park is basically determined by the extreme topography, and one of the great value of the park is the natural looking grading, which determines the space structure and fits to the natural terrain very nicely, and the walkway system, which fits to the contour lines and explores the whole site. Fitting to the windy and exposed hilltop position, in space division the terrain in the most appealing, the plantation is only secondary. From formal point an interesting feature is the dominance of two dimensional elements with characteristic shape, like flowerbeds or ornamental pools and the curves of the walkway system. Though the main function of the park is to underline the fantastic visual potential with providing viewpoints, there are some playgrounds as well. For the visitor of today the specialty of the park celebrating the 50th anniversary this year, is, that – disregarding some minor changes – there were no alterations since it exists. As a first step I analyzed the space structure of the park, putting an extra emphasis on the existence or lack of any axis, on the accentuation of the park entrances, on the space organization inside the park and on the existence/lack of hierarchy. Important aspect of analysis was the connection of the park to connecting urban fabric and green surfaces nearby. The next step was to compare the results with other parks built in former times, but having similar natural setting. The goal of the research is to determine, how much the spatial composition of Jubileum Park is different from the spatial composition of classical parks. The results might help to realize, what kind of spatial composition and space structure is typical of late modern parks. It would be important to preserve these space structural specialties of the Jubileum Park during a more and more urgent renovation.

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Authors and Affiliations

Eszter Bakay
Dorottya Varró
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Abstract

The technology of manufacturing silicon solar cells is complex and consists of several stages. The final steps in succession are the deposition of antireflection layer and discharge contacts. Metallic contacts are usually deposited by the screen printing method and then, fired at high temperature. Therefore, this article presents the results of a research on the effect of heat treatment on the properties of the Al2O3 thin film previously deposited by the atomic layer deposition method. It works well as both passivating and antireflection coating. Moreover, heat treatment affects the value of the cell short-circuit current and, thus, its efficiency. The surface morphology, optical and electrical properties were investigated, describing the influence of heat treatment on the properties of the deposited layers and the manufactured solar cells.
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Bibliography

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  2. Asfar, Y. et al. Evaluating Photovoltaic Performance Indoors. in 2012 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC). 1948–1951 (IEEE, Austin, USA 2012).
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  7. Sarkar, S. & Pradhan, S. K. Silica-based antireflection coating by glancing angle deposition. Surf. Eng. 35, 982–985. (2019). https://doi.org/10.1080/02670844.2019.1596578
  8. Szindler, M. Szindler, M. M., Boryło, P. & Jung, T. Structure and optical properties of TiO2 thin films deposited by ALD Open Phys. 15, 1067–1071 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1515/phys-2017-0137
  9. Król, K. et al. Influence of atomic layer deposition temperature on the electrical properties of Al/ZrO2/SiO2/4H-SiC metal-oxide semiconductor structures. Phys. Status Solidi (A) 215, 1–7 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.201700882
  10. Boryło, P. et al. Structure and properties of Al2O3 thin films deposited by ALD proces. Vacuum 131, 319–326 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2016.07.013
  11. Drabczyk, K. et al. Comparison of diffused layer prepared using liquid dopant solutions and pastes for solar cell with screen printed electrodes. Microelectron. Int. 33, 167–171 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1108/MI-03-2016-0031
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  15. Hossain, A. et al. Atomic layer deposition enabling higher efficiency solar cells: A review. Nano Materials 2, 204–226 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoms.2019.10.001
  16. Werner, F. et al. High-rate atomic layer deposition of Al2O3 for the surface passivation of Si solar cells. Energy Procedia 8, 301–306 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2011.06.140
  17. Werner, F., Cosceev, A. & Schmidt, J. Silicon surface passivation by Al2O3: Recombination parameters and inversion layer solar cells. Energy Procedia 27, 319–324 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2012.07.070
  18. Swatowska, B. Antireflective and passivation properties of the photovoltaic structure with Al2O3 layer of different thickness. Microelectron. Int. 35, 177–180 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1108/MI-04-2018-0020
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Authors and Affiliations

Marek Szindler
1
ORCID: ORCID
Magdalena M. Szindler
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Scientific and Didactic Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Material Technologies, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 7 Towarowa St., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
  2. Department of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 18a Konarskiego St., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
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Abstract

The article is devoted to some critical problems of using Bayesian networks for solving practical problems, in which graph models contain directed cycles. The strict requirement of the acyclicity of the directed graph representing the Bayesian network does not allow to efficiently solve most of the problems that contain directed cycles. The modern theory of Bayesian networks prohibits the use of directed cycles. The requirement of acyclicity of the graph can significantly simplify the general theory of Bayesian networks, significantly simplify the development of algorithms and their implementation in program code for calculations in Bayesian networks..
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Assem Shayakhmetova
1 2
Natalya Litvinenko
3
Orken Mamyrbayev
1
Waldemar Wójcik
4 5
Dusmat Zhamangarin
6

  1. Institute of Information and Computational Technology, 050010 Almaty, Kazakhstan
  2. Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
  3. Information and Computational Technology, 050010 Almaty, Kazakhstan
  4. Institute of Information and Computational Technologies CS MES RK, Almaty
  5. Lublin Technical University, Poland
  6. Kazakh University Ways of Communications, Kazakhstan
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Abstract

The influence of the processing temperature of polylactide (PLA) on the structure geometry changing (SGC) and its functional properties were analyzed. The PLA samples subjected to testing were manufactured using incremental fused deposition modeling technology (FDM) with processing temperatures ranging from 180°C to 230°C. The topography of the PLA surfaces formed during heat dissipation and generated by the work table was analyzed. The roughness measurements were carried out using the profile method in accordance with PN ISO 3274: 2011. Registered profiles of the surfaces were analyzed numerically in fractal terms using the method of the S(Δx) structure function. The functional properties of the PLA surface were evaluated on the basis of Abbott-Firestone curves, according to PN EN ISO 13565–2: 1999.

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Authors and Affiliations

B. Pszczółkowski
M. Bramowicz
ORCID: ORCID
W. Rejmer
T. Chrostek
C. Senderowski
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Abstract

A review of Ewa Wipszycka’s Polish-language book Chrześcijaństwo starożytnego Egiptu ( Christianity in Ancient Egypt).
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Authors and Affiliations

Przemysław Sołga
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Instytut Historii i Archiwistyki, Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny im. Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie
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Abstract

The prolific life of this eminent scholar has confidently aroused interest in his person and aimed at multiplying efforts to benefit from his wisdom and rich experience. Likewise, I also bury in my memory this kind of inner feelings, of which I have accumulated no small number while building a world of historical interest. The name of Professor Józef A. Gierowski had already sunk into my memory several decades ago. I reached for his publications when I had not yet crystallised a clear direction of interest. Nevertheless, I persistently reached for his texts to “taste” the problems of the 17th and 18th centuries.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jan Kopiec
1

  1. Uniwersytet Opolski
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Abstract

This article is confrontational with the theses presented in the paper: O pewnym (chybionym) studium przypadku [About a (wrong) case study ] (Chybińska 2017), which is the answer to the issues presented in the article: Etyka w przekładzie specjalistycznym a kompetencje tłumacza tekstów specjalistycznych — studium przypadku [Ethics in specialized translation and competence of specialist translator: case study] (Boroch 2017). In this article (Boroch 2017), the methodological principles in the specialist translation and the substantive and ethical consequences of their violation have been presented. Exemplary material was the Polish translation of Henryk Hiż's article: Peirce's Influence on Logic in Poland (Hiż 1997, 264–270) published in ”Studia z Filozofii Polskiej” in 2015 (Hiż 2015, 21–29) along with a biographical section (Chybińska 2015, 29–33) which both constitute a coherent publication. The article has raised the following issues: (1) the lack of justification of the basis of translation, i.e. the primacy of the manuscript over the printed version, that is the last one controlled by the author; (2) inconsistency with regard to termination of translation; (3) unauthorized introduction of a Polish neologism “dylematyczny” derived from the (non-existent) English lexical unit “dylemmatic” (Sic!); (4) proposal of the notation of Peirce's law: (p, q, r ) (Sic!).

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Authors and Affiliations

Robert Boroch
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Bibliography

  1. Blau, Peter M. 1977. Inequality and Heterogeneity: A Primitive Theory of Social Structure. New York: Free Press.
  2. Fehr, Ernst, Klaus M. Schmidt. 2006. The Economics of Fairness, Reciprocity and Altruism: Experimental Evidence and New Theories. In: Handbook of the Economics of Giving, Altruism and Reciprocity, Vol. 1. Serge-Christophe Kolm, Jean Mercier Ythier, eds, 615-691. Elsevier.
  3. Jasso, Guillermina. 1982. Measuring Inequality: Using the Geometric Mean/Arithmetic Mean Ratio. Sociological Methods and Research, 10, 3: 303-326.
  4. Skvoretz, John, Thomas J. Fararo. 1986. Inequality and Association: A Biased Net Theory. Current Perspectives in Social Theory, 7: 29-50.
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Authors and Affiliations

Zbigniew Karpiński
1

  1. Instytut Filozofii i Socjologii Polska Akademia Nauk

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