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Simulation study on improving the spatial resolution of photon-counting hybrid pixel X-ray detectors

Aleksandra Krzyżanowska Robert Szczygieł

Opto-Electronics Review | 2021 | 29 | 4 | 187-191 | DOI: 10.24425/opelre.2021.139756

Keywords charge-sharing subpixel resolution pixel detector hit allocation single photon counting

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Abstract

Hybrid pixel radiation detectors with a direct photon-to-charge conversion working in a single photon counting mode have gained increasing attention due to their high dynamic range and noiseless imaging. Since sensors of different materials can be attached to readout electronics, they enable work with a wide range of photon energies. The charge-sharing effect observed in segmented devices, such as hybrid pixel detectors, is a phenomenon that deteriorates both spatial resolution and detection efficiency. Algorithms that allow the detection of a photon irrespective of the charge-sharing effect are proposed to overcome these limitations. However, the spatial resolution of the detector can be further improved beyond the resolution determined by the pixel size if information about the charge proportions collected by neighbouring pixels is used to approximate the interaction position. In the article, an approach to achieve a subpixel resolution in a hybrid pixel detector working in the single photon counting mode is described. Requirements and limitations of digital inter-pixel algorithms which can be implemented on-chip are studied. In the simulations, the factors influencing the detector resolution are evaluated, including size of a charge cloud, number of virtual pixel subdivisions, and detector parameters.

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Authors and Affiliations

Aleksandra Krzyżanowska

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Robert Szczygieł

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

AGH University of Science and Technology, 30 A. Mickiewicza Ave., 30-059 Krakow, Poland

Comparison of lateral spillway and morning glory spillway performance in flood control

I Made Sukerta Tzu-Chia Chen Jonni Mardizal Mahmood Salih Salih Isnaini Zulkarnain Md Zahidul Islam Mohammed Sabeeh Majeed Ahmed Baseem Mahdi Dhameer Ali Mutlak Surendar Aravindhan

Journal of Water and Land Development | 2022 | No 53 | 187-191 | DOI: 10.24425/jwld.2022.140796

Keywords flood risk management lateral spillway glory spillway spillway design

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Abstract

With the emergence of climate change and the increasing human intervention in the global climate, floods have affected different parts of the world. In practice, floods are the most terrible natural disaster in the world, both in terms of casualties and financial losses. To reduce the adverse effects of this phenomenon, it is necessary to use structural and non-structural methods of flood risk management. One of the structural methods of flood control is to allocate a certain part of reservoir dams to flood control. In order to safely exit the flood from the dam reservoir, the spillway structure should be used. One of the important issues in designing a spillway structure is reducing its construction costs. In order to safely exit the flood with a specified return period from the dam reservoir, as the length of the spillway decreases, the height of the water blade on the spillway increases. In other words, decreasing the spillway length increases the height of the dam and its construction and design costs. In this study, the design and comparison of the performance of two glory spillways and lateral spillways have been considered. The results showed that for a given length for the drain edge of both types of spillways, the height of the water blade on the glory spillway is always higher than the lateral spillway. For example, when a 10,000-year-old flood occurs, it is about 8 m.

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Authors and Affiliations

I Made Sukerta

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Tzu-Chia Chen

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Jonni Mardizal

3

Mahmood Salih Salih

4

e-mail:

ORCID:

Isnaini Zulkarnain

5

e-mail:

ORCID:

Md Zahidul Islam

6

e-mail:

ORCID:

Mohammed Sabeeh Majeed

7

e-mail:

ORCID:

Ahmed Baseem Mahdi

8

e-mail:

ORCID:

Dhameer Ali Mutlak

9

e-mail:

ORCID:

Surendar Aravindhan

10

e-mail:

ORCID:

Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar, Agriculture and Business Faculty, JL. Kamboja 11A, Denpasar, Bali, 80361, Indonesia
Ming Chi University of Technology, Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, New Taipei City, Taiwan
Universitas Negeri Padang, Faculty of Engineering, Padang, Indonesia
University of Anbar, Upper Euphrates Basin Developing Center, Ramadi, Iraq
Universitas Muhammadiyah Kalimantan Timur, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Civil Engineering, Samarinda, Indonesia
International Islamic University Malaysia, Ahmad Ibrahim Kulliyyah of Laws, Civil Law Department, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Al-Manara College for Medical Sciences, Maysan, Iraq
Al-Mustaqbal University College, Anesthesia Techniques Department, Babylon, Iraq
Al-Nisour University College, Radiology and Sonar Techniques Department, Baghdad, Iraq
Saveetha University, Department of Pharmocology, Chennai, India

Enhancing IoT Performance via Using Mobility Aware for Dynamic RPL Routing Protocol Technique (MA-RPL)

Ahmed R. Zarzoor

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2022 | vol. 68 | No 2 | 187-191 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2022.139866

Keywords Internet of Things (IoTs) Routing Protocol for Lowpower and Lossy Networks (RPL) Mobility Aware (MA-RPL) Time Difference of Arrival (TDoA)

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Abstract

Nodes' aware-mobility in the Internet of Things (IoTs) stills open defy for researchers, due to the dynamic changing of routing path and networks’ resource limitations. Therefore, in this study a new method is proposed called Mobility Aware - “Routing Protocol for Low power and Lossy Networks” (MARPL), that consists of two phases: in the first phase splitting the entire network into sub areas based on reference nodes with “Time Difference of Arrival” (TDoA) technique. While, the second phase, is about managing mobile nodes (MNs) in RPL according to the sub areas' ID. The Cooja simulator software has been used to implement and assess MA-RPL method performance, according to the data packet metrics (lost packet, packet delivery ratio PDR), latency and nodes' power usage in comparison with two methods: Corona (Co-RPL) and Mobility Enhanced (ME-RPL). The simulation results have been shown that the MA-RPL method consumes less nodes' energy usage, gives less latency with minimum data packet loss in comparison with Co-RPL and MERPL.

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