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Abstract

Evaluating the capacity to meet the need of water is crucial in order to fulfil expectations of managers, particularly in the Mediterranean area. The region is risk in terms of resources available as well as a steadily increasing in demand for water. The frontier drain of the city of Souk Ahras is located at the extreme Northeast of Algeria, on the Algerian-Tunisian borders, the study region includes eight city, which are Taoura, Drea, Zaârouria, Merahna, Ouillen, SidiFredj, Heddada and Khedara, these are relatively poor in surface water, but groundwater has always been the main water resource. The region’s population is around 93,000 inhabitants, 45% of them living in rural areas. Annual average precipitation is approximately 470 mm∙y–1, but it is distributed unequally in space and time. The average supply water varies from one zone to another and the coverage of demand by groundwater in the region remains low and does not meet all needs. Faced with the regions socioeconomic growth and development, this situation is expected to worsen in the future.
In this context, the WEAP (Water Evaluation And Planning system) model was applied to simulate the water balance and assess strategies for the sustainable management of water resources and makes it possible to explore different scenarios, in order to choose the desired scenario to ensure the sustainable development of the sub-basin of the border until 2050. The availability of drinking water permanently in rural areas is a factor in the stability of a population and a means of combating the rural migration and the congestion of urban centres.
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Authors and Affiliations

Farid Rouaibia
1
Lamine Sayad
2
Badra Attoui
3

  1. Higher School of Teachers of Constantine Assia Djabar; InfraRes Laboratory, Souk Ahras Department of History and Geography, Constantine, Algeria
  2. University of Badji Mokhtar, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Department of Geology, Annaba, Algeria
  3. University of Badji Mokhtar, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Geological Research Laboratory (LRG), BP 12, 23000 Annaba, Algeria
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Abstract

Zola's novel world can be seen as a play of forces that takes place in a strictly defined spatial configuration between aspirational characters striving to realize their desires; the body in motion becomes their expressive medium. Always semantically marked, movement is not only understood as the hero's movement between points in space. In this analytical perspective, based on the body of La Curée et L`Argent, the movement becomes the embodiment of the will / desire, the transformation of thought into action, what is potential into real.

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Authors and Affiliations

Jolanta Rachwalska von Rejchwald
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Abstract

This paper points out that the ARMA models followed by GARCH squares are volatile and gives explicit and general forms of their dependent and volatile innovations. The volatility function of the ARMA innovations is shown to be the square of the corresponding GARCH volatility function. The prediction of GARCH squares is facilitated by the ARMA structure and predictive intervals are considered. Further, the developments suggest families of volatile ARMA processes.

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Authors and Affiliations

Anthony J. Lawrance
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Abstract

The issue of free passage through territorial waters has been the subject of both doctrinal and practical interest for many years. One agreement conceming this issue is STRANG 1100 - Principles for NATO naval vessel visits to NATO and non-NATO ports. This agreement carne into force for NATO member states in 1995. STRANG divides visits into official, informal, and working categories. The official visit is one that occurs upon invitation by one of the parties or is connected to an important state or intemational celebration, provided that the second party agrees to categorize the visit as official. The informal visit is a friendly visit in the port of one of the parties and is not concemed with any official celebrations. The working visit takes place during NATO maneuvers, during which navy vessels require repairs, supplies, and the transport of people, fuel, and other materials. In addition to the principles described above, STRANG regulates certain issues of protocol, issues concemed with the agreement coming into force and obligations imposed by its provisions, restrictions to the agreement and the inf ormation forms which are addressed to the country hosting the visit. The author also discusses the Polish rules that are significant in light of the topie addressed.
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Authors and Affiliations

Dariusz R. Bugajski

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