Since psychology emerged as an independent field of knowledge, there has been no consensus as to how it should develop, either, in the idiographic or nomothetic way. In the course of time, due to a commitment to what was seen as objectivity in science, the nomothetic approach came to dominate psychology. Thus, researchers used mostly quantitative psychometric methods to establish general rules of human behaviour. In doing so, the essence of nomothetic research is to be extremely careful when interpreting results not to make a reasoning mistake such as the ecological fallacy, as may happen when a researcher draws conclusions about nature of the individual in the group based on average results of the whole group. In the article, we presented two methods for longitudinal research designs which address this problem, and give more idiographic information about participants; via the Reliable Change Index and the Modified Brinley Plot. Finally, we provide a IBM SPSS Statistics syntax automatizing the whole process of computation for these new features.

This paper explores the psychometric properties of the Polish adaptation of the MBI-SS questionnaire, which measures academic burnout in students. The factorial structure of the tool was examined, and its validity was evaluated using a sample from Polish state universities (N=935).
Findings suggest that the MBI-SS possesses strong psychometric parameters. Data supports the tool's 3-factor structure and internal consistency. However, there are reservations regarding one item (MBI_6). Consequently, the 15- item version of the MBI-SS is recommended as a suitable tool for assessing burnout in Polish students.

This paper presents requirements for meshing of simplified type of worm gears applied in fine mechanisms. There are given some geometrical dependencies referring to meshing of the worm with the thread made of wire (having circular section). The paper describes also a computer program aiding design of such kind of worm gears.

This paper contains the result of the comparison of photogrammetric records of the state of the front zone of the Werenskiold Glacier over the period 1957-1978. Two 1:5000 maps were compared. The ice volume loss at 20 m altitude intervals (only as far up as 200 m over the sea level) and changes in the ice thickness were analysed with a network of basic squares with a 50 m side in the field, using an Odra 1305 computer. This permitted a map of the altitude changes in the glacier front to be plotted with isolines every 2.5 m. The results of the photogrammetric investigations were compared with ablation observations using ablations stakes. Taking account of the motion of the lobe the total and the mean annual ice volume loss in the front zone of the Werenskiold Glacier was evaluated for the period in question.

On the basis of observations and markings of Weddell seals in the region of the Admiralty Bay it was estimated that numbers of this species decreased systematically from about 500 to about 100 individuals from December to February. The sex structure of the local population also changed, showing a growing domination of females. Males were observed more often on coastal snow patches, females prevailed on rocky beaches close to the sea. A thesis of an increased nocturnal activity of Weddell seal was confirmed, indicating also a possibility of a two days activity cycle of this species. Synchronized among the individuals of local populations by atmoshperic conditionds.

An account of the celebrations on the fiftieth anniversary of the doctorate of Prof. Marian Szarmach held at the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, followed by a selection of laudatory speeches and verses. Prof. Szarmach is praised above all as an outstanding Hellenist specializing in the Second Sophistic and a teacher who has had a profound impact on the many Classicists who encountered him.