Search results

Filters

  • Journals
  • Authors
  • Keywords
  • Date
  • Type

Search results

Number of results: 5
items per page: 25 50 75
Sort by:
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Sewage sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plants is currently a serious environmental problem, given its diversity due to the variability of time and heavy metal content. Current research on the monitoring of heavy metals is based on the determination of Pb, Cd, Hg, Ni, Zn, Cu and Cr. This makes any thallium content data difficult to access. The study estimated the degree of contamination of sewage sludge with thallium. The sludge samples came from a sewage treatment plant located in Poland. The results are presented for the total concentration of thallium and its mobile forms. These samples were analyzed by differential pulse voltammetry. The results showed that the average thallium content was 0.203 μg/g and its mobile form was 0.025 μg/g. The conducted research shows that almost 13% of thallium from sewage sludge can be gradually released into the environment.
Go to article

Bibliography

  1. Ahumada, I., Escudero, P., Ascar, L., Mendoza, J.& Richter, P. (2004). Extractability of Arsenic, Copper, and Lead in Soils of a Mining and Agricultural Zone in Central Chile. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 35, pp. 1615-1634. DOI:10.1081/CSS-120038558
  2. Alvarez-Ayuso, E., Otones, V., Murciego, A., Garcia-Sanchez, A. & Santa Regina, I. (2013). Zinc, cadmium and thallium distribution in soils and plants of area impacted by sphalerite-bearing mine wastes. Geoderma, 207-208, pp. 25-34. DOI:10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.04.033
  3. Council Directive of 21.III.1991 concerning urban wastewater treatment. 91/271/EEC.
  4. De La Rochebrochard, S., Naffrechoux, E., Drogui, P., Mercier, G. & Blais, J. (2013). Low frequencyultrasound-assisted leaching of sewage sludge for toxic metal removal, dewatering and fertilizingproperties preservation. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 20, pp. 109-117. DOI:10.1016/j.ultsonch.2012.08.001
  5. Dmowski, K., Kozakiewicz, A. & Kozakiewicz, M. (2002). Bioindication thallium search in southern Poland. Kosmos, 51(2), pp. 151–163. (in Polish)
  6. Finkelman, R. (1999). Trace elements in coal. Environmental and health significance. Biological Trace Element Research, 67(3), pp. 197–204. DOI:10.1007/BF02784420 .
  7. Frankowski, M., Zioła-Frankowska A., Kowalski, A. & Siepak., J. (2010). Fractionation of heavy metals in bottom sediments using Tessier procedure. Environmental Earth Sciences, 60, pp. 1165-1178. DOI:10.1007/s12665-009-0258-3
  8. Fytili, D. & Zabaniotou, A. (2008). Utilization of sewage sludge in EU application of old and new methods a review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 12 (1), pp. 116-140. DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2006.05.014
  9. Galván–Arzate, S. & Santamaria, A. (1998). Thallium toxicity. Toxicology Letters, 99(1), pp. 1–13. DOI:10.1016/s0378-4274(98)00126-x
  10. Ibragimow, A., Głosińska., G., Siepak, M. & Walna, B. (2010). Heavy metals in fluvial sediments of the Odra river flood plains-introductory research. Quaestiones geographicae, 29, pp. 37-47. DOI:10.2478/v10117-010-0004-7
  11. Kowalik, R,, Gawdzik, J., Gawdzik. B. & Gawdzik, A. (2020). Analysis of the mobility of heavy metals in sludge for the sewage treatment plant in Daleszyce. Structure and Environment, 12, 85 DOI: 10.30540/sae-2020-010
  12. Larner, B., Seen, A. & Townsend, A. (2006). Comparative study of optimized BCR sequential extraction scheme and acid leaching of elements in the certified reference material NIST 2711. Analytica Chimica Acta, 556, pp. 444-449. DOI:10.1016/j.aca.2005.09.058
  13. Łukaszewski, Z., Jakubowska, M., Zembrzuski, W., Karbowska, B. & Pasieczna,A. (2010). Flow – injection differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry as a tool for thallium monitoring in the environment. Electroanalysis, 22 (17-18), pp. 1963-1966. DOI:10.1002/elan.201000151
  14. Lukaszewski, Z., Karbowska, B., Zembrzuski, W. & Siepak, M. (2012). Thallium in fractions of sediments formed during the 2004 tsunami in Thailand. Ecotoxicology and Environmwntal Safety, 80, pp. 184-189. DOI:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.02.026
  15. Madrid, F., Reinoso, R., Florido, M., Barrientos, E., Ajmone - Marsan, F., Davidson, C. & Madrid, L. (2007). Estimating the extractability of potentially toxic metals in urban soils: A comparison of several extracting solutions. Environmental Pollution, 147, pp. 713-722. DOI:10.1016%2Fj.envpol.2006.09.005
  16. Merrington, G., Oliver, I., Smernik., R. & McLaughlin, M. (2003). The influence of sewage sludge properties on sludge-borne metal availability. Advances in Environmental Research, 8, pp.21-36. DOI:10.1016/S1093-0191(02)00139-9
  17. Pathak, A., Dastidar, M. & Sreekrishnan, T. (2009). Bioleaching of heavy metals from sewage sludge: A review. Journal of Environmental Management, 90, pp. 2343-2353. DOI:10.1016/j.jenvman.2008.11.005
  18. Querol, X., Fernandez-Turiel, J. & Lopez-Soler, A. (1995). Trace elements in coal and their behaviour during combustion in a large power station. Fuel, 74(3), pp. 331–343. DOI:10.1016/0016-2361(95)93464-O
  19. Quevauviller, Ph. (2002). SM&T activities in support of standardization of operationally defined extraction procedures for soil and sediment analysesd, [In] Ph. Quevauviller (ed.), Methodologies in soil and sediment fractionation studies. Single and sequential extraction procedures, European Commission, DG Research, Brussels, Belgium, pp. 1–9.
  20. Regulation of the Minister of the Environment (Rozporządzenie Ministra Środowiska z dnia 6 lutego 2015 r. w sprawie komunalnych osadów ściekowych. Dz.U. 2015 poz. 257)
  21. Regulation of the Minister of the Environment dated. 1.8.2002r. on municipal sewage sludge, Acts. Laws No. 134, item 1140.
  22. Resolution of the Council of Ministers of Polish Government No 233, 29.12.2006.
  23. Smith, K., Fowler, G., Pullket, S. & Graham, N. (2009). Sewage sludge-based adsorbents: A review of their production, properties and use in water treatment applications. Water Research, 43, pp. 2569-2594. DOI:10.1016/j.watres.2009.02.038.
  24. Svancara, I., Ostapczuk, P., Arunchalam, J., Emons, H.E. & Vytras, K. (1997). Determination of thallium in environmental samples using potentiometric stripping analysis. Method development, Electroanalysis, 9(1), pp. 26-31. DOI:10.1002/elan.1140090108
  25. Szarek, Ł. (2020). Leaching of heavy metals from thermal treatment municipal sewage sludge fly ashes. Archives of Environmental Protection, 46(3), pp. 49–59. DOI:10.24425/aep.2020.134535
  26. Vanek, A., Chrastny, V., Komarek, M., Penizek, V., Teper, L., Cabala, J. & Drabek, O. (2013). Geochemical position of thallium in soils from a smelter-impacted area. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 124, pp. 176-182. DOI:org/10.1016%2Fj.gexplo.2012.09.002
  27. Vanek, A., Komarek, M., Vokurkova, P., Mihaljevic, M., Sebek, O., Panuskova, G., Chrastny, V. & Drabek, O. (2011). Effect of illite and birnessite on thallium retention and bioavailability in contaminated soils. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 191, pp. 170-176. DOI:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.04.065
  28. Viraraghavan, T. & Srinivasan, A. (2011). Thallium: Environmental Pollution and Health Effects, Encyclopedia of Environmental Health, pp. 325-333. DOI:10.1016/B978-0-444-52272-6.00643-7
  29. Woźniak, M., Żygadło, M. & Latońska, J. (2004). Assessing the Chemical Stability of Sewage Sludges Deposited Landfills under Natural Conditions. Ochrona Środowiska, 26, pp. 25-31.
  30. Xiao, T., Guha, J., Boyle, D., Liu, C. & Chen, J.(2004). Environmental concerns related to high thallium levels in soils and thallium uptake by plants in southwest Guizhou, China. Science of The Total Environment, 318(1-3), pp. 223-244. DOI:10.1016/S0048-9697(03)00448-0
  31. Zitko, V. (1975). Toxicity and pollution potential of thallium, The Science of the Total Environment, 4, pp. 185-192. DOI:10.1016/0048-9697(75)90039-X
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Bożena Karbowska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Włodzimierz Zembrzuski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Joanna Zembrzuska
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Poznan University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poland
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

One more time we would like to pay attention of especially of the hydraulic engineer audience to bankfull stage and discharge. Along the paper we show commonly accepted definitions of it and ways of calculations. It is difficult to determine the size of the bankfull flow level, that is why the authors are presenting many selected methods. Some of the methods allow the determination of biotic bankfull flow through the occurrence of zones of vegetation characteristic and based on the observation of the occurrence of ground beetles (e.g. the Woodyer and the Radecki-Pawlik and Skalski methods). Some of the methods – most popular- are using morphometric parameters (e.g. the Williams, the Hey and Thorne, the Gauckler-Manning and finally the Lambor methods).

We believe that the value of bankfull discharge would be accepted as a supporting tool for designers, hydraulics engineers and managers, especially those who care about river channel environment and cooperate with fluvial geomorphologists- and biologists as well as environmental agencies.

Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Artur Radecki-Pawlik
ORCID: ORCID
Tomasz Skalski
Karol Plesiński
Wiktoria Czech
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Piracy is as old as sea-faring itself. For centuries, it accompanied sea-faring on all the navigable seas of the world. Piracy and pirates have lasted to the present day and now constitute a constantly recurring threat. At present pirates operate in straits, in territorial waters, in roadsteads and in sea-ports. A clear majority of states with coastlines combats piracy in their territorial waters with naval forces, with border protection units or with other legally constituted units. The author considers the possibility of using international naval forces to combat piracy in international waters (on the high seas) in the context of the contents of art. 110 and 111 of the Convention on the Law of the Sea of 1982. The first speaks of the right of inspection and the second of the right of pursuit. This convention provides real possibilities of combating piracy by international naval forces on the high seas. However, the situation is different in relation to combating piracy in coastal waters. The combating of piracy in such waters is impossible until separate agreements can be reached between interested states. One way of legally strengthening the combating of piracy by international armed forces may be the modification of the 1982 Convention on the Law of the Sea, and the concluding of bi-lateral and multi-lateral agreements among states in the regions where there is a high frequency of pirate attacks.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Andrzej Makowski
ORCID: ORCID
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to present a new approach to the problem of silicon integrated spiral inductors modeling. First, an overview of models and modeling techniques is presented. Based on 3D simulations and published measurement results, a list of physical phenomena to be taken into account in the model is created and based on it, the spiral inductor modeling by frequency sampling method is presented. To verify the proposed method a test circuit, containing 6 spiral inductors was designed and integrated in a silicon technology. The parameters of the spiral inductors from the test circuit were next measured and compared with simulations results. The comparison for one of those six spiral inductors is presented in the article.

Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

M. Kałuża
A. Napieralski

This page uses 'cookies'. Learn more