The study investigates chemical modifications of coal fly ash (FA) treated with HCl or NH4HCO3 or NaOH or Na2edta, based on the research conducted to examine the behaviour of Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions adsorbed from water solution on treated fly ash. In laboratory tests, the equilibrium and kinetics were examined applying various temperatures (293 - 333 K) and pH (2 - 11) values. The maximum Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions adsorption capacity obtained at 293 K, pH 9 and mixing time 2 h from the Langmuir model can be grouped in the following order: FA-NaOH > FA-NH4HCO3 > FA > FA-Na2edta > FA-HCl. The morphology of fly ash grains was examined via small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and images of scanning electron microscope (SEM). The adsorption kinetics data were well fitted by a pseudo-second-order rate model but showed a very poor fit for the pseudofirst order model. The intra-particle model also revealed that there are two separate stages in the sorption process, i.e. the external diffusion and the inter-particle diffusion. Thermodynamics parameters such as free energy, enthalpy and entropy were also determined. A laboratory test demonstrated that the modified coal fly ash worked well for the Cd(II) and Pb(II) ion uptake from polluted waters.

This article presents various definitions as well as the object and the method ofspiritual theology in the concept of post Vatican Council II. Referring to Western literature the author manifests various efforts in his attempt to define the essence of spiritual theology propagated by Polish theologians from the time of Vatican Council II. Therefore, it is a kind of synthesis of Polish thought portraying various kinds of concepts in the defining of spiritual theology. This article also shows the unique Polish method in the way of proceeding researchin the field of theoretical and experiential mysticism. The author also refers to the spirituality of the religious and to various aspects of the history of Polish spirituality.

This article presents the history and the former function of the house located at the corner of Zamkowa Street and the southern frontage of the market (currently 50 Wolności Square). The assumption that the facility functioned as a weigh house has not been confirmed by archival research. Built before 1773 by Teofila Potulicka, née Działyńska – the then-owner of Kórnik, the building, referred to in literature as the Lady’s inn, was one of the town public houses, in which alcoholic beverages manufactured in the owner’s brewery and distillery were served. When the new town hall, with its central part designated for an inn, was erected in 1775, the Lady’s inn situated at some distance to the trading place gave way to the much larger town hall inn. After all, it was the town hall which was the centre of the social and trade life of the town – its left wing housed the public weighing facilities, and there were traders’ stalls nearby. The town owner’s alcohol beverages were also served in the Na Piaskach inn the owner erected in the 1770s and in the Tumidaj inn built at the turn of the 19th century. At that time, two flats were made in the Lady’s inn and the building managed to survive to our own times in this form. Despite many refurbishments, its interior still features its 18th-century wooden ceiling, fireplaces and the chimney base of the former kitchen.