Computer simulation of involute spur gears generation was used to determine tooth profiles mapped by tools during gear machining. These profiles were computed for different combinations of geometric parameters of machined gears and tools as well as for different combinations of pretreatment and finishing processes. Results of simulations were used for generation of very precise finite element models of representative gear segments. For these models, distributions of stresses were computed for assumed load in the ADINA finite element system. The results were compared with related results of computations made in accordance with the ISO/DIS and AGMA standards. Special attention was paid to gears, in which additional notch appears at tooth root after machining. This notch causes concentration of stresses. On the basis of the above named computations an analysis of influence of technological parameters and methods of machining gears on form and bending strength properties of spur gear tooth root was performed. General conclusions were formulated. They can be useful in both gear design and gear manufacturing for proper selection of structural parameters, association of pretreatment and finishing, selection of suitable method of gear generation and parameters of applied tool. Approach suggested in this paper: setting initial structural and technological parameters, computer simulation of gear generation, computer assisted strength analysis leading to suitable modification of the design and manufacturing presumptions - establishes proper basis for optimization of gears with consideration to the maximum possible bending strength properties of spur gear tooth root.

From the annexation of the Polish territories in the thirteenth century, Neumark and Torzym Province (Land Sternberg) became districts of the Margraviate of Brandenburg. Neumark belonged temporarily (1402–1454) to the Teutonic Order. From the very beginning, the two regions clearly varied in their coin circulation. The earliest Brandenburgian denier fi nds from east of the Oder River date to the last decade of the thirteenth century. However, the most important differences in the coin circulation became noticeable only after the middle of the fourteenth century.