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Number of results: 7
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Abstract

The paper presents studies of mathematical modelling in transonic flow through the first stage rotor of the axial compressor of homogenous and heterogeneous condensation. The condensation phenomena implemented into a commercial software is based on the classical theory of nucleation and molecular-kinetic droplet growth model. Model is validated against experimental studies available in the literature regarding the flow through the first stage of turbine compressor, i.e. the rotor37 transonic compressor benchmark test. The impact of air humidity and air contamination on the condensation process for different flow conditions is examined. The influence of latent heat release due to condensation exerts a significant impact on the flow structure, thus the analysis of the air humidity and contamination influence on the condensation is presented. The results presented indicate the non-negligible influence of air humidity on the flow structure in the transonic flow regime, thus it is recommended to take condensation phenomenon under consideration in high-velocity airflow simulations.

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Authors and Affiliations

Piotr Paweł Wiśniewski
Sławomir Dykas
Guojie Zhang
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Abstract

The study addresses two groups of issues occurring in modeling and experimental studies of multicomponent nonisobaric diffusion in macroporous materials. The dynamics of such processes is described in terms of systems of nonlinear partial differential equations. A method of orthogonal collocation for resolving the equations is proposed and compared with the method of lines. The second group of problems presented involves numerical simulations of diffusion in aWicke–Kallenbach diffusion cell. Such an apparatus is used in experimental studies. Particular attention is paid to diffusion in a cell closed from both sides. This is an analogue of the Duncan–Toor experiment. The effect of the number of diffusing components and their initial concentrations on the dynamics of diffusion in binary and ternary solution was studied. Hitherto unknown dynamic properties of such processes were detected and discussed.
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Bibliography

Arnold K.R., Toor H.L., 1967. Unsteady diffusion in ternary gas mixtures. AIChE J., 13, 909–914. DOI: 10.1002/aic.690130518.
Arnošt D., Schneider P., 1995. Dynamic transport of multicomponent mixtures of gases in porous solids. Chem. Eng. J., 57, 91–99. DOI: 10.1016/0923-0467(94)02900-8.
Boron D., 2020. Izobaryczna metoda stacjonarna wyznaczania współczynników dyfuzji w materiałach porowatych. Przem. Chem., 99, 785–788. DOI: 10.15199/62.2020.5.21.
Boron D., Tabis B., 2020. Udział i znaczenie przepływu lepkiego w nieizobarycznej dyfuzji gazów przez materiały porowate. Przem. Chem., 99, 1717–1716. DOI: 10.15199/62.2020.12.4.
Duncan J.B., Toor H.L., 1962. An experimental study of three component gas diffusion. AIChE J., 8, 38–41. DOI: 10.1002/aic.690080112.
Finlayson B.A., 1972. The method of weighted residuals and variational principles. Academic Press, New York. DOI: 10.1137/1.9781611973242.
Gear C.W., 1971. Numerical initial value problems in ordinary differential equations. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.
Ho C.K., Webb S.W. (Eds.), 2006. Gas transport in porous media. Springer, Netherlands. DOI: 10.1007/1-4020-3962-X.
Krishna R., Wesseling J.A., 1997. The Maxwell–Stefan approach to mass transfer. Chem. Eng. Sci., 52, 861–911. DOI: 10.1016/S0009-2509(96)00458-7.
Mason E.A., Malinauskas A.P., 1983. Gas transport in porous media: The dusty gas model. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
Remick R.R., Geankoplis C.J., 1970. Numerical study of three-component gaseous diffusion equations in transition region between Knudsen and molecular diffusion. Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundam., 9, 206–210. DOI: 10.1021/i160034a003.
Remick R.R., Geankoplis C.J., 1974. Ternary diffusion of gases in capillaries in the transition region between Knudsen and molecular diffusion. Chem. Eng. Sci., 29, 1447–1455. DOI: 10.1016/0009-2509(74)80169-7.
Schiesser W.E., 1991. Numerical methods of lines integration of partial differential equations. Academic Press, San Diego.
Tabis B., Bizon K. 2020. Opracowanie metody linii do całkowania dynamiki dyfuzji wieloskładnikowej w materiałach makroporowatych. Prace Katedry Inzynierii Chemicznej i Procesowej Politechniki Krakowskiej.
Tabis B., Bizon K., 2018. Dyfuzyjny ruch masy. Dyfuzja w gazach doskonałych i płynach rzeczywistych. Wydawnictwa Politechniki Krakowskiej, Kraków.
Tabis B., Boron D., 2020. Application of the dusty gas model for determining structural parameters of porous media. Przem. Chem., 99, 888–891. DOI: 10.15199/62.2020.6.11.
Tuchlenski A., Uchytil P., Seidel-Morgenstern A., 1998. An experimental study of combined gas phase and surface diffusion in porous glass. J. Membr. Sci., 140, 165–184. DOI: 10.1016/S0376-7388(97)00270-6.
Veldsink J.W., Versteeg G.F., van SwaaijW.M.P., 1994. An experimental study of diffusion and convection of multicomponent gases through catalytic and non-catalytic membranes. J. Membr. Sci., 92, 275–291. DOI: 10.1016/0376-7388(94)00087-5.
Yang J., Cermáková J., Uchytil P., Hamel C., Seidel-Morgenstern A., 2005. Gas phase transport, adsorption and surface diffusion in a porous glass membrane. Catal. Today, 104, 344–351. DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2005.03.069.
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Authors and Affiliations

Katarzyna Bizon
1
ORCID: ORCID
Bolesław Tabiś
1

  1. Cracow University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, ul. Warszawska 24, 31-155 Kraków, Poland
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Abstract

The properties of a mechanical resonator provide a valuable ability to measure liquid density and viscosity. The viscosity of liquids is of interest to researchers in both industry and medicine. In this paper, a viscosity sensor for liquids is proposed, which is designed based on an electromechanical resonator. In the proposed sensor, a capacitor is used as an electrostatic actuator. The capacitor is also used to monitor the frequency changes of the proposed resonator. The range of displacement of the resonator and capacitor in response to different fluids under test varies according to their viscosity. The design of the proposed sensor and its electrostatic and mechanical simulations are reported in this paper. Also, the effect of viscosity of several different liquids on its performance has been analyzed and presented experimentally using a prototype.
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Authors and Affiliations

Amin Eidi
1

  1. Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran
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Abstract

Applying rigorous analytical methods, formulas describing the sound radiation have been obtained for the wedge region bounded by two transverse baffles with a common edge and bottom. It has been assumed that the surface sound source is located at the bottom. The presented formulas can be used to calculate the sound pressure and power inside the wedge region. They are valid for any value of the wedge angle and represent a generalization of the formulas describing the sound radiation inside the two and three-wall corner region. Moreover, the presented formulas can be easily adapted for any case when more than one sound source is located at the bottom. To demonstrate their practical application, the distribution of the sound pressure modulus and the sound power have been analyzed in the case of a rectangular piston located at the wedge’s bottom. The influence of the transverse baffle on the sound power has been investigated. Based on the obtained formulas, the behaviour of acoustic fields inside a wedge can be predicted.
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Authors and Affiliations

Krzysztof Szemela
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Abstract

The overall purpose of this study was to assess hearing status in professional orchestral musicians. Standard pure-tone audiometry (PTA) and transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) were per- formed in 126 orchestral musicians. Occupational and non-occupational risk factors for noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) were identified in questionnaire inquiry. Data on sound pressure levels produced by various groups of instruments were also collected and analyzed. Measured hearing threshold levels (HTLs) were compared with the theoretical predictions calculated according to ISO 1999 (1990). Musicians were exposed to excessive sound at weekly noise exposure levels of for 81-100 dB (mean: 86.6±4.0 dB) for 5-48 years (mean: 24.0±10.7 years). Most of them (95%) had hearing corresponds to grade 0 of hearing impairment (mean hearing threshold level at 500, 1000, 2000 and 4000 Hz lower than 25 dB). However, high frequency notched audiograms typical for noise-induced hearing loss were found in 35% of cases. Simultaneously, about 35% of audiograms showed typical for NIHL high frequency notches (mainly occurring at 6000 Hz). When analyzing the impact of age, gender and noise exposure on hearing test results both PTA and TEOAE consistently showed better hearing in females vs. males, younger vs. older musicians. But higher exposure to orchestral noise was not associated with poorer hearing tests results. The musician’s audiometric hearing threshold levels were poorer than equivalent non-noise-exposed population and better (at 3000 and 4000 Hz) than expected for noise-exposed population according to ISO 1999 (1990). Thus, music impairs hearing of orchestral musicians, but less than expected from noise exposure.
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Authors and Affiliations

Małgorzata Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska
Małgorzata Zamojska
Adam Dudarewicz
Kamil Zaborowski
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Abstract

The objective of the submitted paper is to analyze the influence of the load on the calibration of micro-hardness and hardness testers. The results were validated by Measurement Systems Analysis (MSA), Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Z-score. The relationship between the load and micro-hardness in calibration of micro-hardness testers cannot be explained by Kick's Law (Meyer's index "n" is different from 2). The conditions of Kick's Law are satisfied at macro-hardness calibration, the values of "n" are close to 2, regardless of the applied load. The apparent micro-hardness increases with the increase of the load up to 30 g; the reverse indentation size effect (ISE) behavior is typical for this interval of the loads. The influence of the load on the measured micro-hardness is statistically significant for majority of calibrations.

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Authors and Affiliations

Jozef Petrík
Pavol Palfy
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Abstract

Maciej Rak's book is a very reliable and well‑structured study, based on unknown manuscripts by Jan Karłowicz, found in 2017 in the Scientific Archive of the Polish Academy of Sciences (AN PAN) and the Archive of the Polish Academy of Learning (PAU) in Kraków. An in‑depth analysis of Karłowicz's archives, i.e. the files of Lexicon of Polish Dialects [ Słownik gwar polskich], Lexicon of Polish Mythology [ Słownik mitologii polskiej] and the Little Lexicon of Lithuanian Mythology [ Słowniczek mitologii litewskiej], carried out on the broad comparative background, allows us to take a broader look at the scholar's achievements in the field of Polish dialectology as well as at his pioneering role in developing the concept of an ethnolinguistic lexicon. The reviewed study shows Karłowicz as a researcher who perfectly understands the linguistic and cultural realities of the former Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Lithuanian aspirations to construct their own identity, separate from the Polish one.
The monograph Jan Karłowicz in the Light of Archival Materials restores this nineteenth‑century researcher with broad humanistic horizons to his proper place and rank in the history of science, not only in linguistics. It provides accurate arguments for re‑evaluating a very critical review of the Lexicon of Polish Dialects, published by Kazimierz Nitsch in 1911. For a long time, this criticism had had a very negative impact on the general assessment of Karłowicz's output by other linguists. All the more, we need to appreciate Maciej Rak's insightful attempt of breaking the aforementioned negative opinion and providing new interpretation of Karłowicz's unpublished works, that can be seen as a valuable heritage of the culture created during the period of Partitions of Poland.
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Bibliography

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Karaś H., 2011, Polska leksykografia gwarowa, Warszawa.
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Mikulėnienė D., 2018, Lietuvių tarmėtyra: genezė, raida ir paradigminiai lūžiai. I dalis: Ikitarmėtyrinis laikotarpis. Lietuvių tarmėtyros pradžia: tarmių skyrimas, tyrimų perspektyvų užuomazgos ir jų tipai, Vilnius.
Nitsch K., 1911/1958, [rec.] Recenzja „Słownika gwar polskich” J. Karłowicza, „Rocznik Slawistyczny”, rocz. 4 (1911), s. 199–243. [Przedruk w: K. Nitsch, Wybór pism polonistycznych, t. 4: Pisma dialektologiczne, Wrocław; Kraków 1958, s. 195–225].
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OSN = Ottův slovník naučný. Illustrovaná encyklopaedie obecných vědomostí, red. F.J. Studnička, t. 1–28, Praha 1888–1909.
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SD = Slavyanskiye drevnosti. Etnolingvisticheskiy slovar’, red. N.I. Tolstoy, t. 1: A (Avgust) – G (Gus’), 1995; t. 2: D (Davat’) – K (Kroški), 1999; t. 3: K (Krug) – P (Perepelka), 2004; t. 4: P (Pereprava cherez vodu) – S (Sito), 2009; t. 5: S (Skazka) – Ya (Yashcherica), 2012, Moskva.
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WEPI = Wielka encyklopedia powszechna ilustrowana, red. J. Aleksandrowicz, t. 1–55, Warszawa 1890–1914.
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Authors and Affiliations

Zofia Sawaniewska‑Mochowa
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Instytut Slawistyki Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Warszawa

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