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Number of results: 7
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Abstract

Spent-filter backwash water is usually discharged into sewers or returned to the head of a water treatment plant (WTP) to be re-processed. The purpose of this study was to characterize and compare two different WTP filter backwash water contents that were obtained by using conventional and air scour backwash methods, and influence the recycling of spent-filter backwash water. For this purpose, the spent-filter backwash water was analyzed at two different Lithuanian WTPs i.e. one using a conventional backwash method and another using an air scour backwash method (Eades, 2001). The impact of recycling spent-filter backwash on the treated water's quality was evaluated by comparing the concentration of the total iron content with suspended solids in the filtered water by following legislation rules. Backwash water in this research contained a significant concentration of total iron and a large amount of suspended solids. In this study it was found that, conventional sedimentation by gravity was sufficient for the removal of suspended solids and iron from the backwash water. Further, the presence of analyzed chemical compounds accumulating into the backwash water after sedimentation had no significant impact on the filtration's effectiveness. Therefore, this research shows that air-scour backwash water can be recycled in the same way as conventional backwash water, but a different sedimentation rate needs to be evaluated.
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Authors and Affiliations

Marina Valentukeviciene
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Abstract

On the off chance that methods which reduce the global CO 2 content are unavailable and inefficient, the increasing CO 2 levels will lead to a synchronized rise in temperature across the world. The conversion of this abundant CO 2 into hydrocarbons like CH 4, CH 3OH, CO, HCOOH and hydrogen fuel using different techniques and their use for power could assist with the world’s energy deficiency and solve the CO 2 reduction-energy nexus. In this study, photocatalytic CO 2 conversion by sunlight will be of primary focus since this bears a resemblance with the regular photosynthesis phenomenon. This work also portrays the writings that have narrated the development of mixtures of two or more carbon ions (C 2+) within the photocatalytic reduction of CO 2. This paper thus comprises the energy required for CO 2 photoreduction, the kinetics mechanisms and thermodynamics requirements. The reaction of CO with water and the hydrogenation of CO 2 are covered to understand the gap of Gibb’s free energy between both of the reactions. Likewise, the summary of different metal-based co-catalysts, metal-free co-catalysts and their selectivity towards CO 2 reduction by photocatalysis and reduction of CO 2 into various hydrocarbons, fuel and materials have also been examined.
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Authors and Affiliations

Romil Gandhi
1
Aashish Moses
1
Saroj Sundar Baral
1

  1. BITS Pilani K.K. Birla Goa Campus, Department of Chemical Engineering, Goa, India – 403726
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Abstract

In this paper a band notch characteristics reconfigurable UWB leaf shape monopole antenna is reported. The proposed antenna size is 42×32×1.6 mm3 and simulated S11 -10dB impedance bandwidth is from 2.1 to 13.0 GHz. The notch bands are embodied into the designed antenna to suppress Bluetooth and WiFi bands from 2.3-2.7 GHz and 4.6-5.3 GHz. The PIN Diode is loaded to slot on the DGS to achieve notch bands. It has 4.48dB and 1.7dB gain achieved when diode ON and OFF condition. Further, it encompasses a bio-inspired leaf shape patch having high feasibility for deployment in secret and military purposes.
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Authors and Affiliations

Pachiyaannan Muthusamy
1
Srikanta Nallapaneni
2
Krishna Chaitanya Perumalla
2
Bharghava Punna
2

  1. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Advanced RF Microwave & Wireless Communication Laboratory, Vignan’s Foundation for Science Technology and Research (Deemed to be University), Andhra Pradesh, India
  2. Department of Electronics and CommunicationEngineering, Advanced RF Microwave & Wireless CommunicationLaboratory, Vignan’s Foundation for Science Technology and Research(Deemed to be University), Andhra Pradesh, India
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Abstract

Suitable and complete sets of stress-strain curves significantly affected by dynamic recrystallization were analyzed for 11 different iron, copper, magnesium, titanium or nickel based alloys. Using the same methodology, apparent hot deformation activation energy Qp and Qss values were calculated for each alloy based on peak stress and steady-state stress values. Linear dependence between quantities Qp and Qss was found, while Qp values are on average only about 6% higher. This should not be essential in predicting true stress of a specific material depending on the temperature-compensated strain rate and strain.

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Authors and Affiliations

I. Schindler
ORCID: ORCID
P. Opěla
ORCID: ORCID
P. Kawulok
ORCID: ORCID
M. Sauer
ORCID: ORCID
S. Rusz
ORCID: ORCID
D. Kuc
K. Rodak
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Abstract

Mean annual variation of snow depth at the Hornsund Station has been determined. The snow cover usually appears in late September and remains till the beginning of July the next year. The snow depth keeps growing till the first half of March and from then on, until the third dekad of May it does not change. Towards the end of May fast decrease of snow cover occurs mainly due to subsidence by intensive insolation. If compared to the Arctic Basin the snow cover appears in Hornsund three dekads later and disappears about two dekads sooner.

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Authors and Affiliations

Mirosław Miętus
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Abstract

Hybryd PLD method was used for deposition high quality thin Ti, TiN, Ti(C,N) and DLC coatings. The kinetic energy of the evaporated particles was controlled by application of variation of different reactive and non reactive atmospheres during deposition. The purpose was to improve adhesion by building a bridge between the real ceramic coating and the substrate. A new layer composition layout was proposed by application of a buffer, starting layer. Advanced HRTEM investigation based on high resolution transmission electron microscopy was used to reveal structure dependence on specific atmosphere in the reactive chamber. New experimental technique to examine the crystallographic orientation based on X-ray texture tomography was applied to estimate contribution of the atmosphere to crystal orientation. Using Dictyostelium discoideum cells as a model organism for specific and nonspecific adhesion, kinetics of shear flow-induced cell detachment was studied. For a given cell, detachment occurs for critical stress values caused by the applied hydrodynamic pressure above a threshold. Cells are then removed from the substrate with an apparent first-order rate reaction that strongly depends on the stress. The threshold stress depends on cell size and physicochemical properties of the substrate, but it is not affected by depolymerization of the actin and tubulin cytoskeleton.

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Authors and Affiliations

R. Major
F. Bruckert
J.M. Lackner
W. Waldhauser
M. Pietrzyk
B. Major

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