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Abstract

Large deformation in roadways is an inevitable problem faced by many coal mines, and bolt installation is widely adopted to keep roadway stability. To provide a theoretical basis for bolt supporting scheme design in order to eliminate hazards associated with roadway failure, the interaction principle between bolts and the bolted strata should be studied thoroughly. This research attempts to investigate the above principle through theoretical analysis through a group of selected statistics from fifteen different coal mines. At the same time, the thick board support method was proposed and applied for controlling the ribs deformation in a particular coal mine. It is concluded that the interaction of the rock-bolt entity is subjected to the fluctuation balance law. When deformation increases, the bolted structure experiences periodic equilibrium variation. Both the supporting force needed to stabilise the surrounding rocks and the supporting capability of bolted strata show a trend of decrease in this process. The interaction principle of surrounding rocks and bolts is in essence the mechanical phenomenon caused by their mutual load transformation, and the load-carrying capacity varies with the bolted structure’s deformation, which is subjected to the following law: elastic roadway>plastic roadway> fractured roadway>broken roadway. The designed bolted thickness of the ribs should be more than 1/5 of roadway height to make full use of the self-stability of surrounding rocks. Finite Difference Method simulation and on-site monitoring data showed that the roof subsidence and ribs convergence of 2201 roadway in Shuguang coal mine was reduced by 83.7% and 88.6% respectively after utilising the proposed support method, indicating that the thick-board method was effective. Results of this research can lay a foundation for support design in large deformation roadways.
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Authors and Affiliations

Xun Yuan
1
ORCID: ORCID
Shuangsuo Yang
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Sichuan University – The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Institute for Disaster Managementand Reconstruction, 610207 Chengdu, China
  2. Taiyuan University of Technology, College of Mining Engineering, 030024 Taiyuan, China
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Abstract

Metadiscourse has been extensively studied in various genres, e.g. newspaper discourse, casual conversation, textbooks, advertisements, and research articles. Studies focusing on metadiscourse in research articles often omit analysing abstracts and traditionally investigate research articles only according to the IMRAD structure. This paper explores metadiscoursive elements in Czech and English research article abstracts in philosophy and medicine at two levels of analysis, interlingual and interdisciplinary. The aim is to investigate whether scientific writers of research article abstracts identify more with their cultural identity or whether their identity is rather discipline-specific. The theoretical framework adopted in this study is a tax-onomy of metadiscourse markers proposed by Dafouz-Milne (2008) since it takes into account a functional differentiation of metadiscourse elements. The interlingual analysis reveals no major cultural distinctions, the interdisciplinary analysis proves that metadiscourse is more prevalent in humanities. Thus, we can conclude that academic writers of RA abstracts identify more with their disciplinary culture.

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Authors and Affiliations

Jana Kozubíková Šandová
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Abstract

The article describes how different friction coefficients under certain cutting conditions and parameters affect the formation of the stress-strain and thermal states of the product when titanium alloy machining. A new research methodology is used for the study. Firstly, in the initial data for simulation, each time a different declared coefficient of friction is proposed, and every such task of the cutting process modelling is solved for various cutting parameters. The second stage analyzes how these coefficients influence the stress-strain and thermodynamic state of the workpiece and tool during cutting, as well as the tool wear dynamics. In the third stage of the study, ways for ensuring these analytically-grounded tribological cutting conditions are proposed. The analysis of different wear criteria in the simulation models of titanium alloys cutting is carried out. Experimental studies confirm simulation results.
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Authors and Affiliations

Vadym Stupnytskyy
1
ORCID: ORCID
Xianning She
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Lviv Polytechnic National University, Lviv, Ukraine
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Abstract

Small Arctic catchments that are sensitive to climate change reinforced by Arctic amplification remain poorly studied. Since the end of the Little Ice Age (LIA) glaciers on Svalbard have been retreating, and thus, many catchments have transformed from glaciated or partly glaciated to ice-free conditions. Our study focuses on changes that have occurred since the end of the LIA in a small High Arctic mountain catchment, Bratteggdalen. In this study, we traced changes in the Bratteggbreen glacier areal extent since 1976 with parallel vegetation analysis using Landsat and Sentinel data. The geomorphology of Bratteggdalen was mapped and basic morphometric analyses, such as long profile, hypsometric curve, slope and aspect orientation analyses were carried out. We also present a map of landforms in Bratteggdalen based on a fieldwork in 2018 and an analysis of orthophotomaps. Through this research, we enhance the knowledge of small catchments in polar regions.
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Authors and Affiliations

Aleksandra Wołoszyn
1
ORCID: ORCID
Marek Kasprzak
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Institute of Geography and Regional Development, University of Wrocław, pl. Uniwersytecki 1, 50-137 Wrocław, Poland
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Abstract

The Apostolic Constitution Quequmque of Pope Clement VIII, published on 7 December 1604, re-established the legal structure and functioning of all confraternities throughout the Church after the Council of Trent. The Constitution closed the medieval chapter of their activities and paved the way for their dynamic development over the next centuries, until the patent of Emperor Joseph II of 22 May 1783, which abolished all religious brotherhoods in the entire Habsburg monarchy, including the diocese of Krakow.

The activities of confraternities covered almost all areas of social and religious life. However, the overriding goal was the development of public worship in the Church, its deepening, and the renewal of the Christian life of the members of the fraternity. Consequently, the focus was on the appropriate artistic setting for the celebrations, which was reflected in the care for a suitably arranged and decorated liturgical space, which was a place of common spiritual practices and meetings, the so-called trysts. If the confraternity was wealthy, the side chapel at the church where the confraternity was established was used for this purpose. The chapels of the Cracovian fraternities provide good examples. Sometimes, confraternities operating in villages (e.g. the Brotherhood of St. Isidore in Radziechowy), had magnificent chapels. The basic element of the chapel’s furnishings was the main painting placed in a special altar. In the case of very wealthy fraternities, the chapel had a few side altars placed under various invocations, and even a pulpit and a musical choir. When the fraternity had only the chapel at its disposal, and there was no meeting room or it was located in the so-called caper, i.e. the building outside the church, then the most necessary paraphernalia as well as ceremonial clothes were stored in the wardrobes placed inside the chapel. Often the wardrobes were decorated with representations referring to the charisma of a given confraternity.

The basic element creating the “everyday” artistic setting for the brotherhoods’ celebrations was the altarpiece. It contained a painting with a representation of the patron saint or the illustration of the truth of faith, which was particularly revered and promoted by the brotherhood. The devotional painting was usually accompanied by other depictions of saints from the religious order, which cared for the confraternity, and to whose spiritual graces the confraternity was affiliated. They could be the patron saints of the founders, the commonly worshipped saints, or the saints in whose memory special indulgences were obtained. At times, the content of the altar was accompanied by pictures hanging in the immediate vicinity of the altar. An important role was also played by processional crosses and floats, especially the main float, where the brotherhood’s painting identifying the confraternity was placed.

The splendour of these ceremonies, including the grand processions and pilgrimages, was raised by the costumes characteristic of individual confraternities and strictly defined by their statutes. The members of a confraternity used special staffs and sceptres with the symbols of the brotherhood. For many of them it was an honour to belong to a particular confraternity, so they portrayed themselves in their ceremonial costumes as Queen Anna Jagiellon did after 1586. These ceremonials also involved the creation of occasional decorations to celebrate the most important events. Triumphal gates decorated with emblems and coats of arms and lemmas were erected, and the route of the procession was decorated. Carriages were decorated with brotherhood’s paintings. On the backdrop of occasional decorations short theatrical spectacles were staged. This was always the case on the occasion of the inauguration of a new brotherhood, in which other confraternities from the immediate vicinity dressed in costumes, carrying staffs and accompanied by floats and banners took part. The musical setting also played an important role in these celebrations.

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Authors and Affiliations

Ks. Szymon Tracz

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